درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Regarding the contingency theory, the purpose of this research is to identify factors affecting the development of accounting and financial [management] procedures (AFP) for joint operating agreements in Iran’s oil and gas industry. To this end, at first, some partial factors were identified through a deep study of theoretical foundations. Subsequently, in order to identify environmental factors, a semi-structured interview was conducted with accounting and finance experts in oil and gas exploration and production companies whose competences were approved by the Ministry of Petroleum. Using the theoretical framework and the interview results, a questionnaire was set up and distributed in a wider range in order to add potentials and eliminate, modify, and finally rank the raised factors. The results showed that changes in laws and regulations, use of services in Iran’s oil and gas industry, changes in business practices, information technologies, the structure of the principal contract,  and conflicts among operational parties are the most important factors that should be taken into account in the formulation and development of AFP’s for these contracts in Iran’s oil and gas industry, and, in this regard, some suggestions are provided.  

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of provincial gas distribution companies as affiliates for National Iranian Gas Company. To this end, we identified financial performance indicators in accordance with the requirements of NIGC through a review of theoretical foundations and interviews with a number of financial and planning experts and then prioritized using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. These indicators lied in four groups of liquidity, capital structure, profitability and activity criteria, respectively. Then, the weighted indicators were analyzed using TOPSIS technique in Expert-Choice software and the final ranking of the companies was provided. The results showed that based on the identified criteria, provincial gas companies of Hormozgan, Yazd, Markazi, and Kermanshah had a favorable financial performance and Ilam, Mazandaran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Zanjan provincial gas companies had a weak financial performance with respect to other companies in three years under review and some suggestions have been made in this regard.

Knowledge Management Pattern for Project -based organizations using Grounded Theory (case study: Energy Industry) One of the most crucial strategic challenges of organizations for achieving success and competitive advantage is related to knowledge management (KM) activities .Project based organizations(PBO) of Energy Industry is responsible for producing , retaining and using huge amount of knowledge . In order to manage it effectively , it is necessary to use a customized KM pattern of which is fit into specific factors of the PBOs. The main objective of this paper is to present a customized knowledge management pattern considering PBO charachteristics of the under investigated Engery Industry by using Grounded Theory (GT). Needed information is gathered by semi-structured interview with experts and reviewing recent papers.By using open ,axial and selective coding,components of final model and their relations are found. Results showed nineteen main concept and five secondary concepts which are formed in “reasonal situations”,”intervention situations”,”strategies”, “central components” and “effects

As projects increase in size and complexity, they become more difficult to handle. One of these large and complex projects is oil and gas projects. The current controlling processes of projects are not able to detect the problems in early phases of the project and are rather late leading to extra time and cost. One solution is to find symptoms of problems in the early phases. Due to the importance of drilling projects in upstream sector, the main objective of this research is to identify the early warning symptoms of problems in drilling projects and to find the relationships between selected early warnings with project outcomes and problems of these projects. To reach that aim, the early warnings have been recognized through literature review and interviews with experts. Then, case study analysis is performed to find the relationships between early warnings and project outcomes. All cases have been selected from previous completed drilling projects in one of the oil fields of Iran. Findings show that there is a relationship between early warnings, project outcomes and projects problems.

Overconfident managers, who tend to overestimate their capabilities, underestimate the possibility and impact of side effects in projects. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of managerial overconfidence on research and development expenditures and the moderating effect of firm value and liquidity on this relationship. For this purpose 51 companies were chosen from oil/gas, and petrochemical Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2012-2017. This research, within three basic hypotheses, is analyzed by Eviews software and shows that managerial overconfidence has positive effect on research and development. Company liquidity has direct effect on relationship between managerial overconfidence and R&D, but firm value has no meaningful effect on the relationship between managerial overconfidence and R&D. <strong>Keywords</strong>: managerial overconfidence, R&D, liquidity, firm value

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental policies including price and non-price policies on natural gas demand in Iranian industrial sector. For this purpose, considering the dynamic nature of our panel data, we adopted Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method to estimate natural gas consumption for 22 Iranian industries from 2005 to 2015. The results illustrated that the annual average of natural gas consumption has been rising, reaching five times higher than the consumption of other fossil fuels. Among the industries, other non-metallic minerals industry with 8 percent of the total production and more than 25 percent natural gas consumption have been regarded as the most natural gas consumer industry. The results of our GMM model showed that non-price environmental policies are more effective than the price policies on natural gas consumption. Overall, in non-price policies, energy intensity seems more important comparing to CO2 emission reduction. We recommend that governmental energy policies should focus more on energy intensity improvement in Iranian industries through technological enhancement and fuel energy saving regulations.

Value at Risk (VaR) plays a central role in risk management. There are several approaches for the estimation of VaR, such as historical simulation, the variance-covariance and the Monte Carlo approaches. This work presents portfolio VaR using an approach combining Copula functions, Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and GARCH-GJR models. We investigate the interactions between Tehran Stock Exchange Price Index (TEPIX) and Composite NASDAQ Index. We first use an asymmetric GARCH model and an EVT method to model the marginal distributions of each log returns series and then use Copula functions (Gaussian, Student’s t, Clayton, Gumbel and Frank) to link the marginal distributions together into a multivariate distribution. The portfolio VaR is then estimated. To check the goodness of fit of the approach, Backtesting methods are used. The empirical results show that, compared with traditional methods, the copula model captures the value more successfully.

The evaluation of corporate social responsibility has gained significance over the past decade due to the importance of natural and environmental resources. Many studies have been conducted on corporate social responsibility and the presented related models, which add to the importance of this report. However, in addition to its significance, many researchers also believe that corporate social responsibility evaluation models lack the necessary efficiency due to different interpretations, lack of transparency, and abuse of some companies in order to deceive and commit fraud. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present a model to evaluate corporate social responsibility using value added, which can be a suitable criterion in evaluating the social responsibility of commercial entities. In the present study, first, a model was developed based on corporate social responsibility, and then, to test the model, social value added of Nano motor oil was studied as a case study. In this study, data was analyzed through pairwise comparison. The findings of the study conducted on the social value added of Nano motor-oil indicate economic efficiency of 40%, product social efficiency of 8%, and depicts a 38-times increase in social value added compared with its economic added value. Thus, Nano-engine oil producing companies are located on the corporate social responsible category and the corporate social responsibility in this product is on the third level (strong) that indicates the product’s efficiency in the community and can be a suitable incentive for all business organizations to pay more attention to their products’ environmental and social impacts.

Investment is an essential factor in a country’s economic development. Meanwhile, return and risk have been effective factors in investment. Today, many financial economists have accepted Risk or Beta as a standard tool for assessing the risk involved in certain actions. This paper has been conducted to find a way to obtain the risk of industries in different timescales included in the short-term and long-term. The statistical population includes a daily index of selected industries (including banks and the food, and car industries) from 2009 to 2014. The present study has measured the risk in different timescales using the wavelet analysis, and consequently, the risk time series have been expressed using a State- Space model. The direct relation between the risk of the selected industries and the market have been eventuated in which, an increase in return of the market would lead to an increase in return of industries and this has also been proven when there is a reduction in return.