درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study aimed to answer the question of how personalization affects customer loyalty with the moderating role of technology experience consistency in the field of the e-banking industry in Iran. To achieve this goal, the statistical population of active users of e-banking of Refah Kargaran Bank including physicians, social security retirees, and employees working in Tabriz branches were determined and 502 customers were selected by the random sampling method. Content, convergent, and divergent validity, as well as the reliability of the questionnaire, have been confirmed by methods such as Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Furthermore, structural equation modeling techniques with AMOS software have been used to test the research hypotheses. Based on research findings, personalization has a positive effect on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, relationship quality, and intention to use e-banking services. The present study indicates that personalization is the main intention for using e-banking services that should be given special attention because it can be considered a link between customers’ attitudes and behavior in e-banking services. This model helps electronic banking managers to identify essential points of attitude that lead to the emergence of using electronic banking services behavior and outlines better guidance for the electronic banking industry.   JEL Classification: G21, L84, M31.

In recent decades, many countries have improved systematic control over monetary policy and stabilized inflation at moderate levels. There is a great literature on how to conduct a monetary policy. A lot of macroeconomists (for example Taylor, McCallum, Woodford and others) proposed specific monetary policy strategies, regimes and rules. This paper considers a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE), and two basic factors have been applied. The first one is a belief that monetary policy has impact on real economic activity in the short run. This effect comes from the presence of rigidities, which give rise to non-neutral effects of a monetary policy. The second factor is a considerable improvement under theoretical frameworks used for monetary policy analysis. The research also presents a sensitivity analysis of the optimal rules to deep structural parameters and investigate properties of an optimal simple rule with respect to prevailing type of shocks. Finally, the study highlights how an optimal policy rule depends on model structure, on the model calibration and nominal rigidities. According to the research findings, based on the theoretical expectations, the effect of a positive shock inflicted on the government investment leads to increase and gradual accumulation of fixed capital formation in the public sector. Among estimated parameters consumption is first affected and reduces, then employment increases consequently, finally production will also be affected. Also with the shock of oil revenues, increased oil revenues results in public investment at first, because the increase in oil revenues, the government increases development expenditure. Though increase in development expenditure is more than Increase in current expenditure. Enhancing development expenditure & construction spending causes total spending increase and as a result of increased production of oil income, consumption and total investment will rise. This increase leads to inflation too. Though by increasing the inflation resulted from oil revenues, the monetary authority will react through reducing the growth rate of the monetary base.

Eliminating poverty and reducing income inequality is the most difficult task of economic policy making when considered with an economic growth. Therefore, the impacts of economic growth and development on income distribution largely depend on the growth model. Thus, determining an effect of economic growth on poverty is uncertain and relies on its country's growth pattern. The basic question of this paper which we are looking for is that have economic growth and income distribution had an impact on the poverty in Iran? To respond the question, we employed fuzzy regression for analyzing the variables relationship. The article also under the fuzzy logic presents an analytical framework at the aim of appraising the relationship between poverty, income distribution and economic growth. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the economic growth and poverty, in other words the economic growth has had negative impacts on the poverty reduction in Iran. Computational results based on fuzzy logic in Iran implies that the most ideal conditions come when the economic growth is 8 percent on overage and Gini coefficient is nearly 38.5 percent.