درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Civilizations have always faced harm and challenges in their movement and promotion; the new Islamic culture is one of these cultures. The efforts of human beings who have reached a proper knowledge in the strict sense of the word and have sacrificed their lives for its excellence caused the protecting the understanding and affirmation of ideas, achievements, and cultural identity in this civilization. Apostate people believe that Islam can not provide a framework, law, and morality appropriate to today's world; therefore, we need spirituality as an alternative to religion. Hence, with the slogan "I Am Spiritual, but I Am not Religious," they confronted and rejected Islam and its new civilization and finally blew the apocalyptic view in their minds. The Soleimani school, influenced by the teachings of Islam and the discipleship of the Valy-e Faqih, went against such innovation. With proper and codified planning throughout the religious system, he established the view to reviving the new Islamic civilization in its practical form. Based on the new Islamic civilization context in appearance conditions and its problems, the present study aimed to answer the main question ‘What are the appearance conditions based on the new Islamic civilization context centred on the school of Martyr Soleimani?’. To this practical aim, the analytical method was used with a futuristic approach and collected data with the library method. The results indicated that a multifaceted process based on the second phase statement to the modern Islamic civilization aligns with the characteristics and signs of appearance. This multifacetedness has emerged in Soleimani school and is manifested and consistent in the various layers of the second phase statement.

Financial constraints are one of the influencing factors on investment decisions. Financial constraints put firms under pressure to forgo investment opportunities to finance their working capital needs. Moreover, some variables like working capital needs and liquidity of a firm are likely to affect the relationship between these two variables. Hence, this study seeks to examine the effect of short-term credit constraints on the investment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), firms with different characteristics in comparison with large-sized firms. In addition, this correlation is tested by considering the effect of mentioned moderating variables (working capital and liquidity). The sample of this study includes the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2018, which are considered as SMEs based on some criteria. Multivariate regression models and E-views software are used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that short-term credit constraints negatively affect corporate investment.  It means that constrained firms invest in fewer investment opportunities because of facing source shortages. Moreover, in companies requiring more working capital, the inverse effect of short-term credit constraints on corporate investment is stronger. Such firms suffer from financial problems and are not able to use their investment opportunities. Additionally, this hypothesis that companies with high liquidity can offset u effects of short-term financial constraints on fixed investment, is not confirmed

This paper aims to show the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on Iran’s economy. It uses nonlinear time series models to investigate the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on resource allocation in Iran’s economy. The results show that adverse oil shocks have been more persistent during the last decades and severely negatively affect resource allocation in Iran’s economy. Different oil shocks have different implications for importing and exporting countries, and the rigidity of state fiscal systems in exporting countries causes adverse oil shocks to be more persistent. The oil economy’s response to positive and negative oil shocks depends on the structure of the economy. The government budget and trade balance have significant implications for the effects of oil shocks on oil-exporting economies. The government budget is highly dependent on oil revenues, so in the case of adverse oil shocks, the pass-through exchange rate will cause high inflation because of foreign exchange shortage and overshoot in the exchange rate. 

One of the characteristics of the financial market, especially the stock market, is the effects of behavioral factors and on other financial and non-financial markets. There are several factors that affect the return of a stock exchange. We can refer to political, socio-cultural, technological and finally economic factors. A stock market is an economic market in which securities are traded under specific rules and regulations. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of behavioral financial arguments and other financial markets on stock market returns based on quantitative analysis has been studied. This article tries to examine how exchange rates, gold, and oil as key factors of a model can explain fluctuations of the stock market index. so the effect of those variables on the stock market index in the period 2008 to the first six months of 2018 has been analyzed using the FIAPGARCH-X model. The results of the analysis show that the effect of exchange rates on the stock market fluctuations is greater than the other two factors. The results also indicate that there are asymmetric effects of increased returns on the stock market, which is consistent with behavioral bias in behavioral finance.

"Corporate governance" includes mechanisms to monitor CEO's performance to assure efficient decision adoption and maximize firm value. One of the most effective aspects of firm performance is the degree of risk-taking. This study investigates the relationship between CEO power and institutional ownership with risk-taking behavior of member firms of Tehran Stock Exchange and Iran Fara Bourse during 2010-2019 by utilizing quintile regression. According to the results, by the increase of CEO's power and the company's benefit from powerful managers, the company risk (total risk and systemic risk) will decrease. As a result, managers are eager to safeguard their reputation as expert decision-makers and, as a result, they try to reduce company risk. In addition, the existence of institutional ownership among the shareholders of the company will reduce the risk, which can be referred to in the agency theory. Also, if the impact of these two variables is considered together, the risk will increase significantly. This very fact reflects the exercise of the power and influence of institutional owners. As a result, large shareholders have a supervisory role in the discipline of managers, but despite their impact on the relationship between managers' power and corporate risk, they do not alter the main negative relationship.

Ibn Abbas is one of the most famous exegete companions known as the grandmaster of the Meccan school of interpretation. His prominent position is due to the large number of interpretive narrations quoted from him. Numerous works in the interpretation of the Qur'an are attributed to him, among which some works are more famous due to the possibility of his own writing or direct quotation from him or their important contents. One of the famous exegetical works attributed to Ibn Abbas is called “Tanwīr al-Miqbās.” According to the content evaluation, the authenticity of the attribution of this work to Ibn Abbas cannot be accepted; The most important reasons in terms of content are as follows: problems in the number of words and letters of some surahs, the existence of words indicating quotations from other companions and followers, the existence of later terms and the existence of late sectarian and theological evidence. Similarly, both documentary

According to the Bible, Christ was the savior of Abraham's descendants from homelessness and their enjoyment of the land of nectar and lion, and this originated from the historical and cultural conditions of their lives. The descendants of Abraham always waited for such a person, and in every age they applied Christ to someone who they thought was their savior, of whom Jesus was one. It was in this historical and cultural context that Prophet Muhammad declared, I am the promised person of Torah and Bible that will appear at the end of time and make the righteous inherit the land of nectar and milk. It was based on this apocalyptic idea that he considered himself the Khātam al-Anbiyāʼ. All the Abrahamic prophets, including Jesus and Muhammad, were evangelicals; that is, they preached the good news of inheriting such a land. The Bible was nothing but the gospel to such a land. However, in Jewish culture, such a land was introduced worldly and earthly. But in Christian culture it has more of an afterlife and heavenly aspect, and in Islamic culture it has more of a worldly aspect like Jewish culture. Accordingly, the Qur'anic resurrection is described as physical.

From past to present, there have been many differences among Islamic thinkers about the quiddity of Mutashābih and its Ta’wīl in the Qur'an. Each of these thinkers has spoken on this subject according to their profession and method. In the meantime, the view of "Shari’at Sanglaji" is remarkable. Sanglaji, who is known for his modern thinking and inclination towards the Qur'an-sufficiency, believes that Qur'anic similarities mean the end of the matter and include only occult concepts. The general public is unable to comprehend similarities due to its preoccupation with tangibility. Leading research with a descriptive-analytical method tries to discuss some aspects of Sanglaji’s theory while accurately reporting his point of view. The result of the research shows that Sanglaji’s view does not have the necessary accuracy and credibility, because Mutashābih i.e. the similarity does not only include occult concepts but also material concepts. The result of this research is used in the field of Qur’anic research and interpretation.