درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Security is one of the most important needs of people after basic needs. Due to the unnecessary developments in cities and the lack of identifying elements as well as the decrease in the sense of attachment to new neighborhoods, it has created problems, such as reduced levels of security. Therefore, the most necessary action to achieve a sense of security at the residential level is to strengthen and enhance the sense of attachment to the neighborhood. The purpose of this present study has to analyze the feeling of security by emphasizing the influence of sense of place attachment in Elahieh neighborhood of Mashhad. The research method is descriptive-analytical and library-documentary sources and questionnaire distribution among residents of Elahieh neighborhood used for data collection. Sample size estimated to be 397 according to the neighborhood population using PASS software. The results of the study show that the feeling of security is low in the neighborhood of Elahieh and there is a weak sense of belonging among the residents. In this regard, measures affecting the sense of attachment to increase the sense of security in the neighborhood have been analyzed and ranked by Friedman test. Finally, measures of neighborhood boundary status, reminiscences and participation of residents, as well as neighborhood identity, are effective in reducing neighborhood security.

Tourists are considered as foreigners from the perspective of law and in all legal systems rights and responsibilities are considered for them. In countries where almost all finical sources are produced from tourism industry, bilateral rules are considered for tourists and touristy places, in a way that the existence of this body of rules can be considered as the reason for the development of tourism industry. Under the influence of this experience, it is presumed that tourists' entrance to any country is considerably related with the rules and regulations which support their rights. So, coding rules and regulations for supporting tourists and creating security for them seems necessary. The purpose of the present article is investigating the case of causing disturbance for tourists in touristy places in Iran's penal system. In other words, the main question of the present article is how is this case dealt with in the penal system of Iran? The results of the present article have shown that in Iran's penal system the case of causing disturbance for tourists is adequately attended. Article 22 of the constitution states that: dignity, life, property, rights, house and jobs of the people shall be secured from any violation but the cases which are excepted by law. The concept of people includes both domestic and foreign people and the importance of securing and supporting their life, property and house is taken to consideration and also is their security. Except the constitution, the passport law approved in Esphand 51, the law of foreigners' entrance and residence approved in 1336 and amendment and affixation of a few articles and notes to the laws approved in 1350 and civil procedure about giving political, serving or ordinary and passing permission issued by the disciplinary forces and the ministry of foreign affairs have taken the case in to consideration. Based on the present introduction, the present article through implementing library sources and scientific and experimental articles aims at defining and analyzing the case of causing disturbance for tourists in tourist places in Iran's penal system