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This paper focuses on the most prominent theta roles used in the Sindhi language. The study attempts to answer to the research question, ‘How are theta roles prominently used in the Sindhi language?’ The data come from the young native Sindhi speakers. Each verb phrase in the data is examined with the help of Carnie’s (2007) ‘Theta Roles and Thematic Relations’ in order to find the prominent theta roles in the Sindhi language. The study finds six prominent theta roles in Sindhi; namely, agent, theme, beneficiary, recipient, goal and locative. According to the findings of Rappaport Hovav (2007), the hierarchy of the theta roles in English is: Agent> Recipient>Experiencer/Goal>Instrument>Patient/Theme>Place; while, the hierarchy of the prominent theta roles in the Sindhi language is: agent>theme>beneficiary>recipient> locative>goal. This finding is not, however, definitive, i.e. broader studies are to be carried out to find the precise hierarchy of the theta roles in Sindhi.

Nowadays, intercultural communication via email among various groups and societies has been increasingly important as an aspect of communication. This research aims at investigating aspects of politeness meaning negotiation via emails exchanged between English and Persian speakers with different cultural backgrounds. The present study also reveals the potentials for using emails to experience culture as a process of meaning negotiation. To do this, 18 English and Persian speakers (aged 22-60) were asked to exchange emails for 12 weeks. After collecting the required samples, the interplay between the computer-mediated communication, speech act and politeness is explored by using the analytical frameworks of Hyme’s ethnography of communication (1974), Searle’s speech act theory (1969) and Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory (1987). The methodology of this research is descriptive analytical. The results of this research show that “politeness” is not a stable construct. Rather it is constantly (re)negotiated by the interactants who take into account the relevant contextualization cues. In addition saving the face of the sender and the receiver is concerned simultaneously in the process of email exchanging.

Concerns over the phony nature of textbooks and artificiality of their contents in reflecting authentic language have been raised by a number of researchers. It has been argued that many language teaching programs result in the failure of learners of English to successfully communicate in the target language. The problem with these programs is that there is no general agreement about the success of these materials in developing the pragmatic competence necessary for interlocutors’ mutually intelligible communication[D1] . Hence, this study explored communicated requests for nonverbal/verbal goods and services (RNGS/RVGS) in the dialogues of 5 textbooks and 8 English movies. The utterances of the textbooks and movies were evaluated on six criteria deriving from research on speech act theory, politeness, and conversation analysis. These included whether the textbooks discussed second pair parts, the forms of requests, the context of request occurrence, the nature of the devices through which the requests are mitigated, and multi-turn request forms. The results of the analysis revealed that, except for re-requests and dispreferred responses of RNGS,textbooks’ strategies including forms, face, contexts of RVGS, and strategies of RNGSwere not realized through adequate examples compared to their variants in movies.Most importantly,except for bald on record, internal mitigators of RVGS, external mitigators, and direct and indirect forms of RNGS, the other request strategies in the textbooks showed less variety than those of their counterparts in the movies. Internally mitigated RVGS were the onlystrategies variouslyexploited in the textbooks.The findings revealed that textbook designers should improve their instructional materials by incorporatingmore accurate samples of communicated requests in their future textbooks.

مقاله حاضر به طور کلی به برررسی نحوه ابراز زبان شناختی اساتید و دانشجویان ایرانی مقاطع کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد رشته زبان انگلیسی و به طور اخص به نحوه ایجاد و تداوم جایگاه و قدرت اجتماعی دربین آنان باتوجه به عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی می پردازد. برای انجام این مطالعه 84 متن رایانامه که اساتید و دانشجویان در سال تحصیلی 92-93 تبادل کرده اند از طریق گرامر نقش گرایانه هلیدی و اجزای تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان می دهد اگرچه دو گروه مذکور از رایانامه به طرق متفاوتی برای ایجاد و تداوم ارتباطات اجتماعی خود بهره می برند اما هر دو برای انتقال معانی مورد نظر خود عمدتا متکی به فرآیندهای مادی و ذهنی هستند. آنان همچنین گفتمان و اعمال از قبل تعریف شده توسط عوامل اجتماعی – فرهنگی و مذهبی که در کلاسهای سنتی به کار می برند را به محیط اینترنت نیز انتقال می دهند(برنستین, 1971) و از این طریق جایگاه و قدرت اجتماعی خود را شکل می دهند. یافته های این مقاله می تواند به روشن شدن نقش عوامل اجتماعی – فرهنگی و دیگر عوامل موثر در فرآیند ارتباط رایانه ای منجر شود. دیدگاه انتقادی این مطالعه میتواند تاثیر عمیقی بر روی دانشجویان و اساتید آنها در رابطه با تعامل در محیط اینترنت داشته باشد و به اساتید راههای مشخصی برای شناخت و ارزش نهادن به زبان استفاده شده توسط دانشجویان ارائه دهد.