مجید اشرفی

The desirability of the financial reporting can greatly help the users of finan-cial information in making investment decisions. The purpose of this re-search is to measure the readability of financial reporting using a multi-indicator decision-making model and the artificial neural network method and the role of information presentation time in its improvement. In this research, various indicators have been used to measure the readability of financial reporting, and the quality of reporting is obtained through the rank-ing of companies by the stock exchange. In this research, the number of 149 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2010-2020 was examined, and to measure the financial readability through struc-tural equations and Stata software, and to test the hypothesis of the research, the regression model and Eviews econometrics software were used. In this study, we have tried to Use machine learning techniques and optimization tools as a way to derive adaptive-robust nonlinear models that can reduce the risk of model error as much as possible. The findings of the research show that the time of providing information has an impact on the readability of financial reporting. The obtained outputs from the estimation of the artificial neural networks and results obtained from estimation, using of this method with evaluation scales concerning random amount and comparing it with adjusted R, we found that there is meaningful relation between the associated variables and return. However, such network has the least error than other networks. The results show an overall improvement in forecasting using the neural network as compared to linear regression method. In other words, our proposed system displays an extremely higher profitability potential. The obtained result can be argued that the more the company's information is provided by the managers to the company's shareholders and investors on time and at the right time, the more readable and understandable the financial reports will be.

The purpose of this article is to present the evolutionary model of loan sales using collective intelligence and meta-heuristic algorithms (bird flight algorithm). In terms of method, this research is in the category of quantitative research, and in terms of purpose, it is included in the category of applied research. The statistical population includes all active companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research has been investigated between 2011 and 2019 for active companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The method of data collection is through library study and financial data of companies admitted to the stock exchange by referring to the financial statements and explanatory notes with the financial statements, and it has also been compiled using the Rahavard Novin software. Also, with the help of EViews 9 and MATLAB software, he presented a borrowing sales model, and in the next step, with the help of MATLAB software and the flight of bird's algorithm, he presented an evolutionary model of borrowing sales, in the end, by comparing the step-by-step regression model and the borrowing sales model. The findings showed that the borrowing sales model with the help of the bird flight algorithm has a higher efficiency.