Financing

Companies have access to a variety of financial resources to implement available profitable investment projects, to settle overdue debts, to increase working capital, and to pay dividends to shareholders. These resources include cash from operating activities and the sale of assets (as intra-organizational sources of financing), borrowing loans from the bank, issuance of bonds, and issuance of new shares (as outside the organization sources of financing). Financing and its effects on the returns and risk of the company choose sources that minimize financing costs. Then, to prioritize the parameters, the hierarchical method, Topsis, and ANP were used. The results of this study indicated that the factors of efficiency, cost, sustainability, being operational, fairness, and transparency have been the most important criteria for choosing the financing method, as well as forming sub-consortia, receiving facilities, issuing participation bonds, establishing investment companies, presence in the securities market, creating a shareholder plan, and finally attracting foreign capital have been identified as financing methods. Also, the transparency of the financing method in the surveyed companies to identify the appropriate financing method had the least importance.

Abstract Purpose: In the current research, the relationship between financing and the three factors of the quality of educational services, the quality of the educational environment and social interactions was examined. On the other hand, the relationship between the three mentioned factors and achievement of educational goals was also investigated. Methodology: the method was descriptive - correlational and variables were quantitative. Research was carried out at Universities and the sample was 214 teacher students and professors. The structural equation modeling approach was used for analysis. Findings: The results of this study indicate that financing have a direct relationship with the quality of the educational environment, the quality of educational services and social interactions. Based on the obtained factor obtained in analyzing the results, the most important method of stable financing was known financing. As a result, this study indicates that commercializing of researches and earning revenue from them was one of the most important financing solutions. Conclusion: Achieving educational objectives is one of the most important goals of educational institutions. This is important at the various educational levels; however, it is vital to achieve the educational goals in the universities that educate future’s professionals, teachers and teachers. The level of achievement of educational goals is also known as educational performance. This function is influenced by various factors such as the quality of the educational environment, the quality of educational effort, and social interactions. Achieving these dimensions requires development programs that undoubtedly require strong financing from various sources.

Companies have access to a variety of financial resources to implement available profitable investment projects, to settle overdue debts, to increase working capital, and to pay dividends to shareholders Correct decision making and the ability of companies to determine the appropriate financial resources are the main factors of company success. The effects of financing on the company's return and risk are the most important goals that management should pay attention to when choosing a financing method, and select resources that minimize financing costs. In this research, first, to identify financing methods and also the criteria for selecting the appropriate financing method, the fuzzy Delphi method has been used. Then, the AHP method was used to prioritize the parameters. The results of this study showed that the factors of efficiency, cost, sustainability, operationality, fairness, and transparency are the most important criteria for selecting financing methods in gas companies and also forming subsidiary consortia, receiving facilities, issuing participation bonds, creating an investing companies, presence in the stock market, creating a plan as a shareholder, have been identified as financing methods.

According to Dong and Hayon's study in 2022, in order to improve monetary policy, banks may use indicators that can be used to control their monetary policy; The indicators used in this study include financing, market power, liquidity creation channel; So there is a possibility that these indicators have a role on monetary policy. In order to analyze the hypotheses of the research, the statistical population was selected from 2016 to 2021 and for 6 years and included commercial banks and financial institutions admitted to the stock exchange, and the statistical sample was selected using the elimination method and the number of 21 banks. The research method used is a descriptive-analytical method and historical research data was collected and classified by referring to financial statements and financial reports of commercial banks and financial institutions admitted to the stock exchange. The panel data method was used to analyze the statistical data; And in the analysis section, descriptive and inferential statistics and various related tests were performed and data analysis was done using Eviews version 9 software. According to the regression model analysis, the findings of the research show that bank financing, market power and the bank's liquidity creation channel have a positive and significant effect on the monetary policy of commercial banks and financial institutions admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, so that in this research, based on the statistics t The degree of effectiveness of special hypotheses was determined that bank financing, liquidity creation channel, and market power affect monetary policy, respectively.

High transaction costs have been cited as limiting access to credit in developing countries. This issue is much more critical for knowledge-based companies due to their position in accelerating economic growth and the particular characteristics of these companies. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the transaction cost of financing knowledge-based companies from an official fund in Iran that provides financial support for innovations and technologies. The data was collected through interviews and questionnaires in a sampling of knowledge-based companies in 2022. In this study, after calculating the transaction costs of financing, the effect of the factors affecting it has been investigated. The investigated sample was 123 companies from the fund's customers. The results showed that, on average, the ratio of transaction cost to the facility, transaction cost rate, total cost rate (transaction cost and interest rate), and the ratio of transaction cost to interest rate are equal to 3.33, 7.04, 15.66, and 0.81, respectively. Based on the results, the facility amount, the number of payment steps, the distance between the request for the facility and the contract, the interest rate, and dummy variables for the type of facility have a positive and significant effect on the transaction cost