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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and competitive anxiety of group and individual athletes.For this purpose,400 group and individual athletes who according to the coaches were or are able to participate in competitions were selected by stratified random sampling and the demographic characteristics questionnaire,perfectionism scale in the athlete Dan et al correlation results showed that in group athletes there was a positive and significant correlation between excessive worry about mistakes with competitive anxiety (r = 0.19),a positive and significant correlation between perceived coach pressure and competitive anxiety (= 0.24). r)and there is a positive and significant correlation between perfectionism and competitive anxiety (r = 0.26).But there was nosignificant correlation between personal standards and perceived parental pressure with competitive anxiety. Also,the correlation results showed that in individual athletes, there was a positive correlation between personal standards and competitive anxiety (r = 0.22),between excessive concern about Mistakes with competitive anxiety positive and significant correlation (r = 0.17),positive and significant correlation between perceived coach pressure with competitive anxiety (r=0.205) and positive and significant correlation between perfectionism with competitive anxiety (21 /0 = r) exists. But there was no significant correlation between perceived parental pressure and competitive anxiety.

Purpose: The examination, investigating and relationship between costs, benefit and attachment to the environment by mediating behavioral attitudes among sports tourists. Method: The population of the study consisted of all sports spectators of 27th Fajr Open and Esteghlal vs. Tractor rematch from 15th Persian Gulf Pro League. According to Kukran formula sample size was equal to 722 persons. 920 questionnaires distributed among population that 722 questionnaires were analyzed. In order to collect data a self-made questionnaire was used which it's validity confirmed by 5 sports teachers of Razi and Tehran university and variables reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was equal to 0.89. Data analysis done by using the descriptive and inferential statistics include Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Pearson correlation, path analysis of structural equations, Regression and also AMOS-21 and SPSS-22. The results showed that environmental communication should be formed within the right framework, encourage people to Environmentally Responsible Behavior through a bonus is not necessarily effective and doesn't encourage sports spectator. Results: Result showed that spectators display more cooperation through targeting for enjoyment and are sensitive toward any perceived cost in the implementation of Environmentally Responsible Behavior. The result also showed if cooperation with Environmental Management System doesn't take too much time and totally doesn't interfere with their enjoyment of watching match, they will support it automatically. The results also suggest the need to design efficient equipment to ensure ease of use and as a result reducing the perceived cost associated with Environmentally Responsible Behavior. Conclusions: Sports event owners can encourage spectators to do the Environmentally Responsible Behavior by connecting with them and also induce this fact to spectators that associate with the event can assist them to experience higher quality events in the future.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental knowledge and sport event organizers' support for sustainable management in sport. The present study is a descriptive-survey and field study. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 40 questions was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research topic. The construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis of more than 0.3 and its reliability was confirmed byCronbach's alpha of 0.83. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers and organizers of sport events in ten provinces of the country with approximately 1000 peope. The sample size was 278 according to Morgan table, Due to the size, number and difficulty of access, the available sampling method was used to collect the samples and finally 254 questionnaires were returned. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-19 software. The results showed that the level of environmental awareness in the sample was in the range of 0 to 8 and the mean of the total sample was 3.55 with a standard deviation of 1.61. These results indicate a low level of awareness of environmental issues in the sample under study. In the present study, it seems that there is little awareness of environmental issues that may be effective in shaping people's attitudes toward the intention to support environmental issues in sporting events. Since human attitudes are driven by consciousness, it is therefore necessary to change attitudes by providing a context for raising awareness and enabling appropriate behavior. Therefore, determining the level of knowledge and attitude of individuals is the first step in determining and delivering educational programs.