علیرضا بخشی زاده

In recent years, the construction of shopping Malls has been increasingly grown across the country. But only some of them have been successful to accommodate a large number of visitors while the other ones are constantly changing the commercial units’ use. Meanwhile the lack of demand for commercial units in form of multi-purpose complexes as well as recent general recession in country’s business has aroused this situation. Research conducted on shopping Malls are mostly focused on sale of place, marketing and financing as well as a few studies on the factors associated with success of these complexes. So it is necessary to discuss about the factors affecting the success of shopping Malls which is a very new subject. The main issue of this research is to provide a success model of shopping Malls considering the unique characteristics in Iran. The method used for this research is qualitative one (grounded theory) and its nature is applied-developmental. Data was collected through a deep interview with professors, experts in construction, handover and operation of shopping Malls and sale brokers for commercial real estate and sampling is done via snowball method. Data has been collected by clarifying the subject and when it reaches the saturation point, "open coding" is carried out. Then concepts are extracted and the factors are completed after focusing on the subject and finding links by “axial coding”. Finally, the specific dimensions and a conceptual model called “success model for shopping Malls” have been presented by “selective coding”.

The costs of retaining an existing customer are one fifth of the costs of acquiring a new customer for a firm. This statement is considered as a predominant notion in marketing. According to this notion, existing customers switching of a firm leads to create lots of costs for that firm. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the aim of finding the causes of the switching intentions and influential factors on the customers switching intentions in Iran Banking Industry. This study is a descriptive-survey research carried out on Iran Banking Industry. 397 customers from five selected banks in Tehran were chosen for this research. In order to examine and analyze the [R1] data, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been used. “Satisfaction”, “trust”, “loyalty” and “switching barriers” are considered as the main factors weakening “switching intention”. The findings confirmed that the variables of satisfaction, trust and loyalty have significant negative impacts on the switching intention, but the impact of the switching barriers on the switching intention in Iran banking was not significant. The present research has been conducted only on banking services industry and only in Tehran which reduces the generalizing effect of the study. Moreover, quantitative analysis methods were used in order to evaluate the subjective factors such as customer switching behavior. [R1]Not Of

Today, using counterfeits is remarkably common in clothing industry. On this basis, present paper is conducted in clothing industry at Tehran due to the impact of counterfeit on brand equity of original products’. It is a descriptive research. To achieve research aims, a sample consisting of 384 consumers in Tehran who bought counterfeits deliberately were selected. To analyze data and to test hypotheses, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as well as LISREL and SPSS software packages were used. By studying existing literature, six variable including personal gratification, value averseness, price-quality perception, ethical issues, subjective norm and perceived risk were considered as affecting factors on customers’ attitude on counterfeits. To measure brand equity, four aspects of Aaker’s aspects (perceived quality, brand consciousness, brand association and brand loyalty) were used. Research findings indicate that personal gratification, value averseness, price–quality perception and perceived risk have a significant impact on attitudes towards counterfeits. Likewise, the impact of counterfeits on Brand Equity of Original products is also significant.