ژئوپلیتیکِ هوش مصنوعی؛ رَه نشانِ نظری رقابت های الگوریتمی بازیگرانِ نظام جهانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در چند سال اخیر با پیدایشِ انقلاب صنعتیِ چهارم و بسیط یافتن نظام هایِ سایبری، هوش مصنوعی به عنوان عنصری حیاتی و ارزشمند تلقی شده و تسلط بر آن به عنوان مولفه ای از قدرت محسوب می شود. اهمیت این موضوع را زمانی بهتر متوجه می شویم که رقابت های استراتژیکِ بازیگران بین المللی-عموماً قدرت های بزرگ-جهتِ فعالیت های خود را به سمت و سوی تحقیق و توسعه در حوزه هوش مصنوعی سوق داده و در حال تبدیل کردن آن به یکی از مهم ترین مزیت های راهبردی در محیط بین المللی هستند. این مقاله با مفروض گرفتن آینده رقابتِ ژئوپلیتیک-ژئواستراتژیک با محوریتِ هوش مصنوعی و کاربردهای آن و با بهره گیری از روش تحلیلی-توصیفی به دنبالِ پاسخِ به این سوال است که "شبکه ژئوپلتیکی سیستم بین الملل" چگونه توسط جوهره دوانگارِ هوش مصنوعی دچار دگردیسی شده است؟ یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد هوش مصنوعی و سیستم الگوریتمی با بازتولید مولفه های نوینِ ژئوپلیتیکی و استفاده از کارکردهای نظامی، امنیتی، سیاسی، ژئواکونومیکی و ژئوکالچریِ آن، تاثیر قابل ملاحظه ای در ارتقاء، تحول و تطورِ قدرت کنشگران بین المللی دارد.Geopolitics of Artificial Intelligence; Theoretical Roadmap for Algorithmic Competitions of World Actors
Introduction
In recent years, with the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the simplification of cyber systems, artificial intelligence is considered a vital and valuable element and mastering it is considered as a component of power. The importance of this issue is better understood when the strategic competitions of international actors - generally the great powers - direct their activities towards research and development in the field of artificial intelligence and are turning it into one of the most important Strategic advantages are in the international environment. Assuming the future of geopolitical-geostrategic competition with a focus on artificial intelligence and its applications, this article seeks to answer the question of how the "geopolitical network of the international system" is transformed by the dual nature of artificial intelligence. Has been? Findings show that artificial intelligence and algorithmic system with the reproduction of new geopolitical components and the use of its military, security, political, geo-economics and geocultural functions, have a significant impact on the promotion, evolution and power of international actors.
Methodology
The present article is a variable research of the foundation and examines its hypothesis using a conceptual framework. The research seeks to analyze the meta-technological impact of artificial intelligence on geopolitics and analyze the future of strategic competition of global actors in the form of the impact of these two elements through the use of the conceptual framework of "data governance". The authors argue that using the conceptual framework of data governance (algorithms) it can be seen that classical geopolitical theoretical studies need theoretical transformation, because the variable of artificial intelligence has made fundamental changes in studies in this field, regardless of which Geopolitical research-foundation will be incomplete. Therefore, artificial intelligence is presented as an independent variable and geopolitics as a dependent variable. Based on this, the article tries to use the analytical-descriptive research method in order to explain its subject and the data collection method is based on library resources and in the form of documents.
Result and Discussion
This article deals with the relationship between artificial intelligence and the global geopolitical arena, focusing on the three components of power, sovereignty and security. The main claim of this article is that the development of artificial intelligence and its applications has led to a change in the aspects, dimensions and methods of exercising power and the mere centralization of the state and therefore its reorganization at the geopolitical level. In other words, geopolitics has undergone such a simple and extensive transformation that classical narratives alone can no longer be a solid and comprehensive narrator of geopolitical issues. Therefore, it is immaturity to continue to call the context in which artificial intelligence has undergone profound changes "geopolitical." The authors of this article believe that the essence of the concept of "geopolitics" has expired and is obsolete to explore and explore the metaphysical effects of artificial intelligence on the geopolitical field, and henceforth we need a new, innovative and up-to-date concept. A concept that defines new contexts, procedures, processes, and processes, while at the same time not abandoning classical and paleontological considerations. This is an appropriate term for "post-geopolitical" writers. Post-geopolitics is an appropriate term because, while paying attention to the function and characteristics of stable and classical textures, it also narrates the fluid, variable and inhuman state of the art that artificial intelligence has created. It points out that the "age-old" issues of the geospatial environment are no longer the hegemony of world life, and it is striking to note that extra-technological trends such as artificial intelligence have also emerged that challenge nation-state relations in general. It confronts them with a fundamental transformation.
In the geopolitical significance of artificial intelligence, this account of Russian President Vladimir Putin can be considered a flip. "Artificial intelligence is the future, not just for Russia but for all of humanity... Whoever leads the way, will rule the world "A wealth of evidence shows that the rapid development of artificial intelligence has made it a powerful tool and goal in terms of political, economic, military, strategic and .... AI, which has been exponentially embedded in the digital revolution, is one of the most important determinants of the new international order in the years and decades to come. This super-technology confronts certain geopolitical axioms through fundamental changes through the creation of new visual-territorial relations, the dimensions of space-time, and the materialist matter. In the following, we will explain the new geopolitical reality in accordance with the sets of technological innovations, so that new knowledge and knowledge will be added to the geopolitical theoretical literature and the foundation will be considered in future researches in the field of geography. Researchers in this field.
What is at stake in this article is that "geopolitics will no longer be purely territorial." One of the issues that reveals the geopolitical consequences of artificial intelligence is the future of fierce power struggles centered on "dataism" over security threats. In January 2015, a group of prominent thinkers, including Stephen Hawking and Ilan Musk, wrote an open letter calling for responsible monitoring and research on artificial intelligence from a "social benefit" perspective. Their particular concern, which is the geopolitical dimension of security, was the threat posed by lethal lethal weapons, or LAWS. These types of weapons are different from the remote-controlled drones currently used in warfare. The decision to drone is made by humans, but LAWS can select and target without the need for humans. According to computer science professor Stuart Russell, these weapons could include armed quadcopters capable of searching and targeting enemies in the city. What is often referred to as the Third Revolution in War, after gunpowder and nuclear weapons, will be the first generation of LAWS (which the Economist Intelligence Unit believes will be completed in the near future). It is legal, moral and political and not technological.
Conclusion
The belief that geopolitics will no longer be based solely on classical approaches, and that meta-technologies such as artificial intelligence have brought about profound transformations in the field, as a whole, by thinkers of the so-called "Post-geopolitics" has been confirmed. In this study, we explored the fact that big data microphysics provides the acquisition of self-learning machines, understanding of complex situations, thinking, reasoning and providing answers and the acquisition of science and knowledge without the help and intervention of humans., How it has affected geopolitical knowledge and made it one of the most important, serious and newest topics in the field of geopolitics. Accordingly, in this study, we attempted to show the theoretical nature of the impact of artificial intelligence, which has a dual and genius function on the geopolitical space, as a context in which algorithmic competitions of global actors such as domestic, regional and international They behave within it and present the interactions between the actors as well as the position of the balance of power in this field and how it is geostrategically regulated. In this regard, it is clear that artificial intelligence is now a tool of power and with the development of its applications, especially in the military field, it will increasingly affect the geopolitical arena. However, the monopolistic focus on the hard power of artificial intelligence and big data microphysics would be a strategic mistake, because the indirect effects of the cultural, commercial, and political power of artificial intelligence on global actors should not be overlooked. This soft power, which is especially beneficial to the algorithmic and big data empires of the US-China Foundation, poses great problems for the independence and sovereignty of different countries.
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