زهرا دشت بزرگی

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between math anxiety with optimism and perceived classroom structure through mediating role of mathematics attitudes in female high school students. The statistical population of this descriptive correlational study comprised all the female high-school students in Ahvaz (Iran) in the academic year 2020-2021. A sample of 237 students was randomly selected via single-stage cluster sampling. In this study, the sample size was determined based on the number of predictor variables in the structural equation analysis. The research instruments included the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS), the Life Orientation Test (LOT), Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM), and the Mathematics Attitude Scale (MAS). The proposed model was evaluated by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that all direct paths except perceived classroom structure to math anxiety were significant (p< 0.01). The indirect paths from optimism to math anxiety mediated by mathematics attitude, and the path from perceived classroom structure to math anxiety mediated by mathematics attitude were significant (p< 0.01). The proposed method, therefore, has an optimal fit and is a major step towards identifying the factor affecting students’ math anxiety.

Aim:   Considering the effects of hidden communication aggression and its consequences on the couple's relations, reducing it can diminish its consequences. The present study aimed to examine the model of direct and indirect effects of self-esteem and communication skills on sexual satisfaction with mediating role of hidden aggression dimensions of spouses in female nurses of public and private hospitals in Shiraz city.   Methods: The study sample consisted of 310 female nurses selected through the two-stage random cluster sampling method. The research method was correlational, and the research tools were the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Marital Social-Skills Inventory (MSSI), the Hidden Communication Aggression Scale (HCAS), and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSSW). Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.   Results:   The results showed that there was a significant relationship in the direct paths of self-esteem to the social image sabotage, self-esteem to emotional withdrawal, communication skills to emotional withdrawal, self-esteem to sexual satisfaction, communication skills to sexual satisfaction, social image sabotage to sexual satisfaction, and emotional withdrawal to sexual satisfaction, but the relation of communication skills to the social image sabotage was not significant (P=0.41). Also, the mediating role of emotional withdrawal was significant between self-esteem and sexual satisfaction (P=0.006, b=0.038) and between communication skills and sexual satisfaction (P=0.006, b=-0.062) at P<0.05. But the mediating role of the social image sabotage variable was not significant between communication skills and sexual satisfaction (P=0.20, b=0.027) and between self-esteem and sexual satisfaction (p=0.06, b=-0.034).   Conclusion: Researchers interested in this field are suggested to examine the effect of home violence and especially covert violence in other psychological variables so that the results of this type of violence in married life can be better recognized. The results of this research on self-esteem showed that people with high self-esteem have higher quality and satisfaction in their relationships and married life. Thus, those responsible for the education and upbringing of people since childhood (family, teachers, counselors, etc.) should attempt to increase this spirit in people and make the increase of this spirit in the individual a priority of their work