روایت تصمیم به طلاق در بین مردان اقدام کننده به طلاق (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
طلاق یکی از مسائل اجتماعی است که روند رو به افزونی دارد و پدیده ای است که ناگهانی شکل نگرفته است، بلکه یک فرایندی برای درخواست و اقدام دارد. در حال حاضر بر اساس آمار، بیشتر زنان متقاضی و یا به صورت توافقی بوده است، اما در این بین مردانی هم هستند که درخواست طلاق از جانب آنان شکل می گیرد؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر به دنبال تجربه زیسته مردان اقدام کننده طلاق در قالب داستان است تا با بررسی این داستان ها، به یک روایت منسجم از این تجارب در قالب یک نظم تقویمی برسد. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و با روش تحلیل روایت در سال 1402 و برای گردآوری داده ها با استفاده از نمونه گیری هدفمند، با پنج مرد متقاضی طلاق مصاحبه باز و در قالب گفت وگو انجام شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از گام های تحلیل مضمون و موجب شناسایی پنج مضمون اصلی شامل بی ثباتی زندگی، فشارهای اجتماعی، بازنشانی مردانگی، مرتفع سازی حقوق و راهگشایی برای ادامه مسیر است. مقوله های اصلی پژوهش بیانگر آن اند که وقتی تعریف مردان از زندگی، معنای دیگری پیدا کند و اختیارات و نقوش آنان نیز متأثر از شرایط بی ثباتی زندگی شود، فشارهای اجتماعی بر آنان تحمیل شود و تلاش هایشان برای بهبود زندگی به نتیجه ختم نشود، به دنبال مرتفع سازی موانع طلاق می روند و در نهایت ترجیح آنان به جدایی است. این در حالی است که آنها هزینه هایی را برای زندگی کرده اند تا پس از طلاق، زندگی دیگری را برای خود رقم بزنند. بنابراین نتایج پژوهشگر بیانگر آن است که مردان متقاضی طلاق، روندی را طی کرده اند که آسیب های روحی و روانی برای آنان در پی دارد و چون نقش مردان در طلاق کلیدی است، لزوم بررسی مسائل و تلاش در جهت مرتفع سازی مسائل آنان، با خدماتی همچون مشاوره رایگان و .. اهمیت دارد.The Decision-Making Process of Men Applying for Divorce: A Narrative Perspective
Introduction: Divorce is a social issue that exhibits a growing trend and is characterized by a process leading up to the application and implementation of the decision. Divorce can be initiated by either a man or a woman, resulting in three types of divorce requests: the man's request for divorce, the woman's request for divorce, or mutual agreement to separate. The statistical data revealed that women tend to initiate divorce more frequently or opt for mutual agreement, while men obtain divorces in lesser numbers. In the context of divorce in Iran, men have legal advantages as they can initiate divorce more easily compared to women. Divorce is commonly perceived as a male-driven process as women typically lack the ability to unilaterally divorce their husbands, whereas men can divorce their wives without providing any specific reasons. Despite divorces predominantly being initiated by women or through mutual agreement, there are men, who no longer wish to continue their marital relationships, leading them to make the decision to divorce and terminate their shared lives. Consequently, researchers are prompted to inquire about the decision-making process among men and the narratives they construct surrounding their choice to pursue divorce. Materials & Methods: The objective of this study was to gain insights into the lived experiences of men going through divorce through storytelling with the aim of developing a cohesive narrative within a chronological framework. The research was conducted in 2023, employing a qualitative approach and utilizing the narrative analysis method. Data collection involved purposive sampling and conversational interviews were conducted with 5 men, who were in the process of divorcing. Following Riessman's categorization (2008), the narrative data analysis encompassed 4 types: thematic analysis, structural analysis, discourse analysis, and performative analysis. For this particular study, thematic analysis, specifically a combination of the methods proposed by Attride-Stirling (2001), Braun & Clarke (2006), and King & Horrocks (2010), was employed. This approach was chosen due to its step-by-step and comprehensive nature, facilitating a thorough process of thematic analysis. Discussion of Results & Conclusion: Through data analysis, 5 main themes were identified: 1) Instability of life, 2) Social pressures, 3) Redefinition of masculinity, 4) Assertion of rights, and 5) Charting a new path forward. These themes collectively represented the general narrative expressed by the participants. The decision-making process among the men to pursue divorce started with a sense of life instability. Prior to contemplating separation, the men experienced a series of conflicts and events that shook the stability, security, and foundation of the family. This included unmet expectations in areas, such as fidelity. In this study, infidelity emerged as the primary factor leading to divorce. Following infidelity, conflicts and arguments arose within the family and the men had certain basic expectations, such as consistent presence of their partners at home, being a mother to their child(ren), managing household chores, and establishing an emotional and sexual connection. Failure to meet these expectations, not due to the men demanding adherence to traditional gender roles, but rather the non-acceptance of these roles, intensified disputes. Over time, these issues extended beyond the home, becoming public and inviting interference from outsiders. Consequently, the public exposure of family problems diminished the men's dignity and reputation and eroded their decision-making authorities. This had led to social pressure as they had faced rejection and disapproval from their peers, friends, and acquaintances. In response to this pressure, they had sought to redefine masculinity, encompassing notions of power and their roles in the society. Some men, amidst conflicts and repeated mistakes, had associated financial independence with relinquishing payment of dowry. Thus, when the men had found themselves in a state of life instability compounded by personal and social pressures involving rejection, loss of dignity, and interference from others, the primary brakes on their decision-making—dowry and child custody—were removed. The dowry brake referred to either fulfilling or renouncing the dowry obligation, indicating their financial capability. The child brake involved determining post-divorce responsibilities for the children, often resulting in custody being granted to the spouse. These factors had propelled the men towards making quicker decisions and taking action towards divorce. By doing so, they had aimed to restore their reputation and address their obligations. Ultimately, the decision to divorce represented a fresh start as they sought to either remarry or embrace a new individual lifestyle. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that men, who go through divorce, endure numerous tumultuous circumstances in their lives, carefully considering all aspects before reaching a decision.
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