تحلیل ساختاری مؤلفه های مؤثر بر پایداری اجتماعی- اقتصادی مناطق روستایی استان ایلام (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه، با توجه به جایگاه و نقش جامعه ی روستایی در توسعه ی متوازن کشور و همچنین با عنایت به مسائل و مشکلاتی که این جامعه با آن مواجه است، توجه به پایداری روستایی امری ضروری به نظر می رسد. مقوله ی پایداری اقتصادی- اجتماعی یکی از مباحث مهم در ارتباط با مناطق روستایی است. این دو بعد از پایداری، به علت توجه بیشتر به مؤلفه های پایداری محیطی، تا حد زیادی در سایه و سیطره ی آن قرار گرفته و کمتر به طور مستقل بررسی شده اند. لذا هدف از انجام این تحقیق، تحلیل ساختاری مؤلفه های مؤثر بر پایداری اقتصادی- اجتماعی مناطق روستایی استان ایلام می باشد که با استفاده از آنالیز فضایی در سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی جهت نمونه گیری، از بین 378 روستای بالای 20 خانوار ، 37 روستا به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و 250 پرسشنامه توسط روستاییان تکمیل شده است. روش تحقیق در این مقاله، توصیفی-تحلیلی است و جهت گردآوری اطلاعات از دو روش کتابخانه ای و میدانی استفاده شده است. همچنین تحلیل داده ها با آزمون T تک نمونه ای در نرم افزار SPSS و رویکرد مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری در نرم افزار PLS انجام شده است. نتایج آزمون tتک نمونه ای نشان می دهد که مؤلفه ی مشارکت اجتماعی با میانگین 1646/3، بالاتر از حد میانگین 3 بوده و سایر مؤلفه های تحقیق، در حد میانگین یا پایین تر هستند. نتایج مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نشان می دهد، مقادیر تی بدست آمده برای تمام مسیرها بزرگتر از 96/1 است، بنابراین رابطه بین سازه های سطوح بالاتر با سازه های سطوح پایین تر معنادار است. همچنین نتایج کلی نشان می دهد پایداری اجتماعی نسبت به پایداری اقتصادی در ایجاد پایداری کلی نقش مهم-تری دارد.Structural analysis of components affecting socio-economic sustainability in rural areas of Ilam province
Extended Abstrac
Introduction
In the current situation, it becomes more necessary to pay attention to social and economic sustainability, taking into account the challenges and bottlenecks facing developing countries, and in the meantime, rural areas are facing many problems. A significant share of rural instabilities goes back to socio-economic instability, which, in addition to deteriorating employment, income, inequality of opportunity, access to services, basic needs, and the like, also has negative feedback on environmental sustainability. Due to these instabilities, rural areas are experiencing consequences such as urban-rural inequalities, population evacuation, migration, and environmental degradation. Economic sustainability and social sustainability are two inseparable components because individual welfare is not separate from the welfare of society, and the existence of social cohesion, empathy, and tolerance leads to the creation of space in which people feel more responsible and believe that a fairer distribution of resources plays a key role in the long-term survival of society.
Methodology
The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. Inferential statistical methods (one-sample t) and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this research uses spatial analysis in GIS for sampling (Using the adjacent layers raster to the province's permanent rivers, settlement density, rural population density, distance from the road, distance from the nearest cities, the province's land layer, slope, and height and their overlap in the final raster and placing the whole province in 3 classes are high, middle, low. Out of 378 villages with more than 20 households, 37 villages were selected as a sample, and 250 questionnaires were calculated and randomly completed by the villagers in 2020-2021.
Results and Discussion
Numerical mean analysis obtained from the calculation of components affecting socio-economic sustainability in rural areas was obtained among the respondents using questionnaire data. To investigate this issue, a single-sample t-test was used, in which the component of social participation with an average of 3.1646 was higher than the average (3). Also, the analysis of research data with the structural equation modeling approach in PLS software includes the study of model fit in three parts as measurement model, structural model, and general model. Measurement models show the relationship between each hidden variable and its indicators. The reliability and validity of the variables are checked to evaluate the measurement models. After testing the measurement models, it is necessary to evaluate the structural model of the research that shows the relationships between the variables. For this purpose, are examined the coefficient of determination (R2) and the predictive power of Stone and Geiser (Q2). After evaluating the measurement and structural models of the research, the fit of the overall model is examined. The GOF criterion is used to evaluate the fit of the overall model. Finally, the results show that according to the results of t and the significance of path coefficients in PLS software, social stability has a more important role in creating overall stability than economic stability.
Conclusion
Structural analysis of components affecting socio-economic sustainability in order to identify, strengthen, and develop socio-economic factors affecting sustainability in the study area was the main purpose of this study. In terms of components and factors affecting the socio-economic stability of the study area, the results of the one-sample t-test showed that the component of social capital (social participation factor) has the greatest impact on social sustainability in the study area and in terms of economic stability except for the rural investment factor, other factors are in a weak position. The results obtained from estimating the structural equation modeling of fit indices have good validity and reliability. Also, the results of the structural equation modeling technique (in three parts as measurement model, structural model, and general model) showed that social capital has a greater impact on social stability than social welfare. Also, the economic justice component has the most significant impact on regional economic stability.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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