زمینه ها، انگیزه ها و پیامدهای تنهازیستی خودخواسته در میان زنان ساکن شهر تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
طبق آمار، تنهازیستی در ایران در حال افزایش است و تقریباً دوسوم از خانوارهای تک نفره در ایران را زنان تشکیل می دهند. این آمار در کشور ما که در آن خانواده نهادی مقدس تلقی شده و محدودیت های زیاد فرهنگی و اجتماعی برای زنان وجود دارد، موضوعی قابل تأمل است. با وجود این تغییر جمعیتی، زندگی انفرادی تقریباً در عرصه عمومی بازنمایی نمی شود. هدف این پژوهش این است که به شناختی عمیق و درونی از زمینه ها، انگیزه ها و معانی این جدازیستی برای دختران و زنان ایرانی دست یابد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها بر اساس مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته با 20 زن ساکن شهر تهران، به روش نظریه مبنایی انجام شد. پدیده محوری «تنهایی ترمیم کننده» شناسایی شد که به افراد کمک می کند تا «کشف کنند چه کسی هستند و چه چیزی به آن ها معنا و هدف می دهد». یافته ها نشان می دهد که التیام و ترمیم حاصل از این تنهایی منجر به خودشناسی و محافظت از خود برای افراد می شود. تنهازیستی ای که این دختران به صورت سیال اختیار می کنند به آن ها این امکان را می دهد که حریم شخصی خوشان را توسعه داده و به آن ارزش و اعتبار بخشند و بنابراین نوعی فردگرایی است که ناظر به توجه و حساسیتی است که آن ها به عاملیت شان دارند.Backgrounds, motivations and consequences of voluntarily sololiving among women living in Tehran
Introduction During the last century, man has embarked on a remarkable social experiment. On a global scale, the number of people living alone shows a 55% increase in a fifty-year period. According to statistics, in Iran, the population living alone has more than doubled in a period of 25 years. Despite the increasing trend of sololiving, this way of life is less discussed and therefore less understood. In some cases, the commentators have considered introducing it as a full-fledged social problem, a sign of narcissism, collapse and impaired socialization. In addition, so far, sololiving has been researched more from the perspective of psychology and mental health than as a style of modern life. Contemporary solitary dwellers are primarily women. The advancement of women's status, including educational advancement and widespread integration into the workforce, the right to control their family, sexual, and reproductive lives, has contributed to this lifestyle. In Iran, according to the available statistics, 66%, i.e. almost two-thirds, of single-person households are women. It seems that in the metropolitan area of Tehran, there is more tolerance towards women who live alone than in other regions of the country. The purpose of this research is to answer the question, what does sololiving mean for the participating women, and what are their motivations for choosing this lifestyle, and how do they deal with it? Has the rise of sololiving paved the way for new "urban households" to replace traditional families? In this way, one can reach the personal and social attitudes of people who live alone, the conditions and characteristics of sololiving culture and its effects and consequences. Research background Various social theorists including Bella et al. (1985), Bauman (2001, 2003, 2005), Putnam (2000), Giddens (1992) and Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (1995) have analyzed the process leading to sololiving. Based on the opinion of these commentators, the trend leading to living alone is always accompanied by an increase in the individualization of society. Ulrich Beck, referring to the his concept of risk society, considers the right to choose and self-creation of identity as the essential characteristic of this age, which is characterized by the choice, decision-making and formation of people who wish to create their own lives and create their own identity (Beck, 2008: 26). He believes that the changes that have occurred in modern societies have freed women to a certain extent from the femininity assigned to them by traditional characteristics (Beck, 2017: 212). Another point of consensus is that the cultural turn to individualism has led to the deterioration of standard models for intimate relationships (Bauman, 2003; Beck & Beck-Gernsheim, 1995; Giddens, 1992). On the one hand, this decline, from the point of view of theorists like Bauman, causes a kind of intimacy crisis that damages long-term relationships and causes a kind of mistrust and anxiety. On the other hand, from the point of view of theorists such as Giddens, this change leads to the emergence of relationships of the type of "pure" intimacy in which there is the concept of equality and agreement. Research method The aim of this research was to reach a conceptual cycle that can explain the contexts, causal, contextual and intervening conditions, strategies and consequences of sololiving. Grounded theory gave us the chance to draw this cycle under a theoretical order and model that we could not necessarily achieve in description. The process of sample selection was conducted in a Purposive way and interviews were conducted with 20 people aged 25 to 46 who were eligible. According to the research method, samples were taken and data analysis was done simultaneously. Each interview was converted from audio to a written one fully and ultimately faithfully, which allowed us to become familiar with each individual's narratives, read them as text, and begin the process of identifyin
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