مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Kurdistan


۱.

اوضاع سیاسی کردستان از مرگ نادر تا اواخر زندیه (سال های 1160- 1200ه.ق)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Kurdistan Ardalans Zandiah Babans Hassan Ali Khan Khosrow Khan Karim Khan Zand

حوزه های تخصصی:
  1. حوزه‌های تخصصی تاریخ ایران اسلامی حکومت های ایرانی- اسلامی زندیه فرهنگی
  2. حوزه‌های تخصصی تاریخ ایران اسلامی حکومت های ایرانی- اسلامی تاریخ محلی
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۳۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۵۸
Following the death of Nader Shah Afshar, the province of Kurdistan, with Sanandaj being the capital, ruled by the local influential dynasty of Ardalan, underwent a severe power struggle triggered by pretenders to the government of Iran, just as many other provinces experienced a similar power struggle. In addition, the strategic location of Kurdistan as the closest neighboring province of Ottoman paved the way for frequent interventions of Sublime Porte by means of the border guards, Babans. The absence of a centrally integrated government in Iran led to the spread of Ottoman influence to such an extent that the government of Kurdistan repeatedly slipped out of the hands of Ardalan dynasty into the hands of Pashas of Shahrzur and Solaymaniah .Therefore , the time span between the death of Nader and the late years of the Zandiah government (years 1747 to 1786) was one of the eventful periods in the history of Kurdistan . The present study analyzes the political developments in Kurdistan , the roles of Ardalan rulers in these developments, their relationships with the powerful and influential people, and the reasons of turbulence in this period. Findings of the present study show that the main reasons for turmoil in Kurdistan in this period include the crisis of power vacuum after the death of Nader and the absence of a powerful and integrated government in Iran, inappropriate policies of some Ardalan rulers, absence of appropriate relationships between the Zand dynasty and the Ardalan dynasty, and the rivalry among Baban Pashas for the domination over Kurdistan.
۲.

The Role of Climatic Factors on the Health of Rural Settlements in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Housing Climate Health Village Oraman Takht Kurdistan

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۹۸
Purpose- Health is one of the main axes of sustainable development and has a main role in flourishing and improving the quality of life. Housing, as an important factor can have a direct impact on human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the climatic elements on rural housing and their impact on the health of villagers. Design/methodology/approach- This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study of the housing health status of 1150 households in 2020 which was done by a library research method (statistical data of Sarvabad city health center) and a field study method (interview and questionnaire). The studied index of climatic factors includes four elements of radiation, heat, humidity and wind, which have the greatest impact on the housing of villagers. Finding- Field surveys in Pirshalyar district showed that more than 67% of mountainous settlements are south-west. 23% of other settlements are located in the north, east and west. Sunlight illuminates only 20 to 25 percent of the home space. Villagers usually thicken the walls to withstand the temperature (heat and cold). Also, it was shown that the average diameter of dry walls is between 100 and 75 cm. The results showed that 89% of the first-floor residential units are wet and damp. Wind flow in some seasons causes the spread of germs and parasites in the villages.
۳.

For Warfare or for Prestige? A Survey on Ziwiye Bone Arrowheads

کلیدواژه‌ها: Kurdistan Late Iron Age Ziwiye Bone Arrowheads

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۰
Ziwiye, as one of the key sites for Iran’s North West Iron Age (Median kingdom), has many masterpieces kept in different museums and a long list of publications. The main part of this list consists of monographs that are written based on one or more limited objects from an out of context collection. There are few articles that comprehensively include the findings “attributed Ziwiye” and “came from excavation”. However, many articles have been published about Zavieh’s findings, but parts of this collection still remain unknown and do not receive enough attention. The corpus of bone arrowheads is one of them, some of which were found during archaeological excavations while others came to museums from antiquities dealers. These include: the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, Musée du Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of Iran in Tehran, and the Sanandaj Archaeological Museum. This article aims to introduce and categorize 51 bone arrowheads. Some of these were registered as ivories, but our research concluded that all of these were made of bone. In few instances, the production manner prevented the proper identification of bone versus ivory. Another examined point in this research is whether such arrowheads were produced for actual warfare or for prestige and symbolic use in ceremonial events considering their bone material. The examined samples from other sites show that bone can be hard enough to penetrate game and human body even with light protection such as archery. Bone for making arrowheads was used for hunting big games and some tribes still use them.
۴.

بررسی موانع ساختاری توسعه در استان کردستان با تاکید بر شاخص توسعه انسانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Development structural bariers Kurdistan monopolies backwardnes توسعه موانع ساختاری کردستان انحصارات عقب ماندگی

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸
در پژوهش حاضر بعد سیاسی وضعیت توسعه نیافتگی موجود و چگونگی گره خوردن آن با اقتصاد و همچنین پیامد آن در استان کردستان مورد کند و کاو قرار گرفته است. بدون شک بررسی چگونگی کارکرد و واکاوی تمامی ابعاد اقتصاد سیاسی ایران مستلزم پژوهشی وسیع بوده و بعضا به دلیل کمبود داده نمی توان تصویری دقیق از انحصارات حاکم بر آن را به دست آورد. ورود منابع هیدروکربنی نیز بر پیچیدگی های این ساختار افزوده است، به گونه ای که بسیاری وفور منابع و ظهور دولت رانتیر را عامل اصلی شرایط موجود می دانند، غافل از اینکه ساختار معیوب اقتصاد سیاسی ایران بدون درآمدهای نفتی توانایی تامین سطح رفاهی حداقلی و برپا داشتن زیرساخت های محدود کنونی را نیز دارا نمی بود. در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش کیفی به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش خواهیم بود که آیا تفاوتی معنی دار در سطوح توسعه ای استان کردستان و کلیت کشور مشاهده می شود و یا خیر؟ با مقایسه شاخص های توسعه انسانی در سال های 1356 و 1398 این نتیجه حاصل شد که به طور کلی استان کردستان به لحاظ توسعه انسانی از میانگین کشوری دارای رتبه ای پایین تر بوده است که علت اصلی آن را می توان در قالب اقتصاد سیاسی انحصارات معرفی نمود که ریشه های آن به دوران پیش از انقلاب اسلامی در سال 1357 بازمی گردد.