مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Quran


۲۱.

Pragmatic language in understanding the Holy Quran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: pragmatic language Religious Language Quran text-based communication

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۸۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۵
In the twentieth century language has become the most important philosophical issue. In the field of religious studies, one of the important issues is the issue of language too, and the language of religion and the way of understanding religious texts have become an important concern for religious scholars. The question that what is the nature of language used by God Almighty for expressing his meaning and purpose, is one of the most important issues in religious language controversies. As God in religious texts, including in the Holy Qur'an, has established a text-based communication with humans, does the Holy Quran, before responding to other human needs that are essential to his salvation, address this fundamental question about the nature of the language that has been used in this text-based communication? The importance of this question is that the methodology provides an understanding of the Qur'an. In this research, the author tries to provide a positive response to the fundamental question, expressing that the language of the Quran is a pragmatic language. In this regard, in order to defend the pragmatic language of the Qur'an, the author first describes the characteristics of the language suitable for the Qur'an and then shows that the pragmatic language has the features of the proper language for the Qur'an and is used in the Qur'an. The result of this study is that the language of the Qur'an is an existential and natural language.
۲۲.

Poverty Discourse Analysis in the Qur’an within the Framework of Laclau and Mouffe’s Theory(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Poverty Discourse Mecca and Medina Poverty Alleviation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۷۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۹
The present paper analyzes the issue of poverty in the Qur’an adopting Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis method. Using this approach, it is tried to highlight the importance of the subject in the Qur’an, aiming to initiate serious discussions among Muslims and the followers of other religions on solving the poverty crisis. The Qur’anic discourse has two articulations on poverty alleviation and lack of poverty alleviation: a discouraging-encouraging strategic expression and rational approach. In this way, it divides the social space into the two poles of poverty eliminating identity (i.e., the positive identity or polarity) and poverty disregarding identity (i.e., the negative identity or polarity). The discourse’s strategies for poverty alleviation include eliminating the concentration of wealth in society by paying Zakat and Enfagh by individuals and allocating a portion of the community’s income to poverty alleviation. This portion is Fay and the spoils of war back then. Also, this discourse is about linking religious life and rituals including Hajj, sacrifice, Fidya, mosque preservation, and peace concerning poverty alleviation. This discourse achieves hegemony and prevails in 7th-century Saudi Arabia, where no attention is paid to poverty alleviation; however, it died out slowly after the Prophet’s death for some reason.
۲۳.

Examining the Role of Faqih in the System Building According to Imam Khomeini; from Supervision to Velayat Regarding the Qur'an Teachings and Etrat(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Spragens Imam Khomeini Crisis Kashf al-Asrar Velayat-e faqih Quran Etrat

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۸
The views and thoughts of Imam Khomeini indicated that his political thought is undoubtedly inspired by Shia faith and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), i.e., the school of the Qur'an and Etrat. However, we should not ignore the impact of socio-political conditions and developments in society on their formation because using the teachings of the Qur'an and Etrat as well as Ijtihad, Shia jurisprudence can be flexible following various events and conditions of the community. The present study aimed to explain the reasons for the change and evolution of Imam Khomeini's views over time by comparing his views on the political system and the role of fuqahā (Islamic jurists) in the system building. To this aim, two important works of Imam have been studied, namely "Kashf al-Asrar," written in the early 1320s SH and "Velayat-e Faqih" introduced in the late 1340s SH. Based on the theoretical framework of Spragens’ crisis, the hypothesis of the study says that although Imam Khomeini has faced a similar crisis in each period, in his view, the severity of the crisis and, most importantly, the causes of the crisis are completely different and have led to different solutions. Consequently, Imam Khomeini considers the inefficiency of the rulers as the cause of the situation in Kashf al-Asrar, and the key is the supervision of fuqahā. But in Velayat-e-Faqih, the cause of the problem is recognized as the political system's inefficiency. The answer is to overthrow the existing system and establish an Islamic government based on Velayat-e Faqih
۲۴.

A Reflection on the Interactional Functionalism of the Holy Qur’an with Science(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Inclusion science Interaction Function

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۱
The Holy Qur'an is a complete and comprehensive heavenly book from God Almighty, which has been given the attention and reflection of thinkers and scholars of the Qur'an with the aim of meeting the needs of mankind in every age. The purpose of the present research is to answer the question of the feasibility of entering the Qur'an in the field of science and its quality. The research method is analytical-descriptive and with a view on the practical interaction of the Qur’an with other sciences. One of the innovations of the research is a special look at the amount of Qur’anic teachings entering different fields of science. The results of the research estimates show that this interaction is an obvious matter in theoretical sciences such as: jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, literature, history, economics, physics and in the field of experimental sciences such as: agricultural and animal husbandry sciences, natural resources and environment, zoology, botany and Chemistry, as a stream-creating matter, a pattern and a guiding line in the direction of the perfection of science and, accordingly, in the direction of the happiness of human beings.  
۲۵.

Investigating the phenomenon of insult with a skepticism approach (case study of revenge, inheritance, corporal punishment and women's testimony)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Hadiths Honor Respect Human Dignity Phenomenon of Insult Skeptology

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۲
Explaining and interpreting the honor and dignity of man and then finding ways to realize it in human life is one of the most important and fundamental topics in religious sources, especially the Qur'an and hadiths. Since insult is the opposite of honor and respect, the present research is trying to investigate the phenomenon of insult with a skeptology approach using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library and documentary information, while measuring and setting human honor and its accessories as a criterion. Considering that any description and attribution knowingly and intentionally causing the weakening and humiliation of human honor and its accessories is considered a category and an example of insult. In this research, the degree of compatibility and incompatibility of the Islamic rulings of inheritance, retribution, corporal punishment of women and women's testimony have been criticized and investigated with respect to human dignity. The results of the research show that Islamic rulings in the aforementioned four topics are based on reality, expediency and health of the family and society, necessity or in order to inform, change undesirable behaviors and prevent crimes. Also, some of the issues raised are necessary as a prescriptive ruling for a specific stage and with special conditions that have been established by the holy legislator.  
۲۶.

The Interpretative Principles of Seyyed Morteza Jazayeri in Interpretive Translation of the Quran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۲
Seyyed Morteza Jazayeri in respect to interpretation of some words of the Qur'an, based on the view of the metaphysics of the language of the Qur'an, has specific theories in interpreting the word of the Holy Qur'an. He is one of the scientists who believes in the interpretation of the Qur'an and his aim in interpreting the words of the Qur'an is based on anthropology. He puts his interpretive views on the anthropological axis and interprets the divine teachings and the Holy Qur'an only for the education of human beings and acknowledges that the Qur'an is constantly a book with cultural and educational contents that thus provides human evolution. For this reason, his interpretive approach is based on explaining the cultural and educational aspects and effects of human beings, and this is why he has presented sharp and thoughtful opinions with an interpretive approach, and as a result, his ability to review and criticize his views by thinkers and commentators of the Holy Qur'an needed it. In this article, the basics of interpretation and its examples are first mentioned and then their critique is discussed.
۲۷.

Criteria for interpreting similar verses from Mulla Sadra's point of view(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۵
One of the most important discussions in the Quranic sciences is the topic of Mohkam (the verses which have clear meaning) and Motashabeh (the verses which have not clear meaning or have several similar meanings) in Quran, the way of glossing of Quran and one who deserves the conditions of this important. There are different proposed reasons for the existence of these kinds of verses in Quran. There are also different methods provided by Quran interpreters to understand the meanings of these verses. Mullasadra as a transcendent sage, who knew the Quran as the infrastructure of his philosophy doctrine, not only tried to categorize interpreters' approaches about these teams of verses and criticized their attitude, but also introduced a special method to encounter these verses which is not much different from mystics' methods. He believed that everything we know in material world has an exemplar in the kingdom of heaven (malakoot). Motashabeh verses are about affairs that have roots in kingdom world and their glosses are tied to understanding of the relationships of these two worlds. In his viewpoint transfusion toward inner concept of Quran, needs related background knowledge and spiritual abilities that could be reached by special meditation and scientific efforts.
۲۸.

Comparison of Quranic ethics with pragmatic ethics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۵ تعداد دانلود : ۸۵
By referring to the moral verses of the Qur'an, we can understand that the goal of morality is to achieve spiritual perfection and human dignity, which was meant for him in creation. Human happiness in two worlds depends on his perfections. means to achieve this goal are provided equally for humans and the desire to do good is the first nature and the direct state of human beings. the desire for evil and destruction is a secondary state. Man naturally wants goodness and looks for beauty. He avoids evil and turns away from ugliness. God has given man will and authority and created him free, so that he can do good by his will, avoid evil and show his competence in choosing the right. Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that views speech and behavior as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, and rejects the idea that the function of thought is to represent or reflect reality. In this research, using the method of content analysis, the comparison of Quranic ethics and the ethical school of pragmatism has been made, and the result was that the Holy Quran has defined criteria and criteria in expressing ethical life and has paid attention to the happiness of humans, and God's satisfaction is the goal of moral behavior. pragmatist ethics has not set a definite index and considered the criterion of moral action to be human recognition, and in expressing ethics, he has only dealt with material and worldly affairs and ignored spirituality.
۲۹.

Reinterpretation of “the Darkness of the Three” in Verse 6 of Surah al-Zumar, in Light of the Components of the Scientific Miracle of the Qur’an

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran darkness Number Three Scientific Interpretation Scientific Miracle Protein Three Protein Structures

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۸
One of the phrases that has been considered by most commentators with the approach of empirical science is “the darkness of the three (the three veils of darkness)” in the verse (Q.39:6). They have interpreted this combination as the three darknesses of the abdomen, uterus and amnion-chorion. A view has also been put forward by contemporaries, which considers it as the spaces between the abdomen and uterus, the flesh of the uterus and the amnion, the amnion and the fetus, and has considered such an interpretation as an example of the scientific miracle of the Qur’an. In the meantime, another approach can be taken and based on the descriptive-analytical method and with the focus on the interdisciplinary approach, what is the “darkness of the three” is examined. Accordingly, by relying on the symbol of “complete and dense indifference and shapelessness before creation” for “darkness of the three,” this phrase can be considered as the platform for the formation of protein structures (based on genetic information contained in DNA codes), which are the cornerstone of the structure and biological processes of living organisms (without the production of proteins, no biological processes will be formed and no cells and organs will be made). It should be borne in mind that this interpretive possibility is also compatible with the components of the scientific miracle of the Qur’an. 
۳۰.

The Study on Qur'anic surahs' Structured-ness and their Order Organization Using NLP Techniques

کلیدواژه‌ها: Natural Language Processing Word2vec Quran Topic Sameness Surahs' Structuredness TF-IDF

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۱
The study of surahs' structure has attracted researchers' attention in recent years. One of the theories herein is the theory of Topic Sameness which acknowledges that each surah of Quran has formed on a single topic. The theory of Introduction and Explanation as one of the most important branches of Topic Sameness, proposes that the Almighty states the topic of each surah at the first section, elaborates it at different parts of the surah in the forms such as stories, signals of nature, and future predictions, and concludes from the stated contents at the final part. In this paper, we accordingly intend to study the two theories using NLP techniques for the first time. In this regard, based on the three methods of tf-idf, word2vec and roots' accompaniment in verses, the similarity of Quranic roots is computed. Then, the amount of similarity of the concepts within surahs to each other is calculated and compared with the random mode. The results show that the studied surahs hold the inner coherence between the concepts so that they have been formed on a single topic or a few topics related to each other. In addition, the study on the similarity between the first and the body sections of each surah shows that the structure of Introduction and Explanation seems to be true for many surahs by the designed methodology. At the end, by comparing the similarity of surahs to each other versus their order distance in Quran and their revelation time distance, we realized that the whole Quran is also relatively organized in terms of surah' ordering.
۳۱.

Applying the Clarification and Impoverishment Components of Berman's Theory in the Qur’anic Translations of Nasser Makarem Shirazi and Hossein Ansarian (Case Study: Surah an-Nabaʿ)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Berman' s theory Surah Al-Naba clarification de-enrichment

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۶
The translation of the Holy Quran as a heavenly book is of great importance and among the two general approaches of translation, i.e. destination-oriented and origin-oriented translation, each of which has its own characteristics; Source-oriented translation is the best type of translation for its life-giving concepts to be transferred to the target language with minimal changes. Berman points to thirteen factors of deviation of the translation from the original text In this essay among the thirteen factors of text distortion, three components of clarification, quantitative enrichment and qualitative enrichment in the translation of Makarem and Ansarian in Surah Al-Naba have been studied. <br /><br />In this article, an attempt is made to examine and analyze its texts by using the descriptive-analytical method based on the comparison of the target text with the source text and to answer these questions: Are there three clear factors Is there quantitative and qualitative enrichment of Berman's theory in the translations? If there is, to what extent? And which one's role is greater? The findings of the research indicate that among the three investigated components the largest number is the clarification component, which shows the desire to explain in the eyes of the two translators. Some unique illustrations and similes of the verses in the source text have not been equated well in the target text, and therefore, according to Berman's theory, the translation has been distorted, clarified and de-enriched in some places.
۳۲.

Paradise Lost, Bible, and Quran: A Semantic Pathology of Judo-Christian Tradition of the Fall Narrative(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Bible John Milton Paradise Lost “fall” Bonn and Paris Semantic Schools Islam Judo-Christianity revelation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۳ تعداد دانلود : ۸۱
The story of the “fall” in Judo-Christian tradition, particularly the Bible , has functioned as a model for many narratives written by Christian poets such as John Milton. Since the Bible has been written by numerous writers and accumulated through centuries, it is obviously not the word of God, but man’s reproduction of it. The story of man’s fall and original sin, therefore, has been narrated from a human perspective, not a divine viewpoint. Thus, the biblical account of Adam and Eve’s fall carries the ideological strains bearing on anthropocentric knowledge and culture. In other words, this narrative bears prejudicial aspects which are transferred to later historical phases, and crystallized particularly in poetic traditions and narratives like Paradise Lost . Although Milton’s poem reproduces the biblical version of the fall by stylizing and modifying it for reasons pertaining to the socio-political context in which it was composed, still the work is informed with the biblical view of the fall. Compared to the fall narrative in the Bible and Paradise Lost , the Quran ’s narrative is not only exempt from any ideological or prejudicial burden, but also renders the event in egalitarian and unbiased terms. Therefore, this essay will explore how Judo-Christian tradition diverges from the divine narrative of the fall by paralleling this tradition to the Islamic one in the Quran as the ultimate and undistorted book of God. Furthermore, the research seeks to show that the semantic divergences in the biblical and Miltonic narratives of the fall signal the essential differences between direct revelation (in the Quran ), modified revelation (in the Bible ) and poetic manipulation of revelation (in Paradise Lost ). As for methodology, Bonn and Paris schools of semantics will be employed to carry out the investigation. This study is significant for it can help both teachers and students to differentiate between Judo-Christian and Islamic traditions while reading Paradise Lost .
۳۳.

Investigating the semantic relationship between Jihad and the words of its semantic field in the Qur'an based on the Syntagmatic (co - occurrences) component(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Jihad Synonyms Quran Syntagmatic Relation Component Analysis

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۱
Jihad as one of the central words of the Qur'an, meaning praiseworthy and condemned war and enduring hardship in the field of semantics has a close semantic relationship with the words "Qatl (murder), Harb (war), Jadal (dispute), Qalz (severity), Nafar (go forth), Sabr (patience)" in the form of synonyms. This semantic model, which considers the conceptual range of the word "Jihad" to consist of smaller components called syntagmatic semantic components, by analyzing the semantic components, expresses similarities and differences of the word Jihad with its synonymous terms. And it also plays a crucial role in explaining synonymy. Based on this vital point, the author in the present article tries to use this semantic hypothesis to examine the semantic coordinates of "Jihad" with words that have a possible synonymy; represents the semantic similarities and differences of each of them and explains the role of these elements in determining the specific situation and differentiating the context (Siyaq) and linguistic context of the mentioned words. Therefore, each context requires a combination of specific syntagmatic components that is the unit of word differentiation in different contexts. Hence, it is not possible to replace the word "Jihad" with words that have a relative synonymy; because this leads to a deviation from the intended meaning in "Jihad" and the terms that have a synonymy with Jihad.
۳۴.

Is the Human Death A Result of Adam's Sin? A Comparative Study of Quran and Bible on Death

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Bible Death Sin

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۷ تعداد دانلود : ۵۰
The story of the Original Sin that is Adam and Eve and their sin of eating from the Forbidden Fruit is mentioned in the Bible as well as the Quran. . Although there are some similarities in the narration of this event in these holy books, there are some nuances in some significant points. One of the significant differences is the consequences of Adam's Original Sin in eating the Forbidden Fruit. Traditional narratives of the Bible emphasize human death as one of these consequences. This belief has been considered one of Christian theology's fundamental assumptions. However, there is no narrative in the Quran. This paper discusses that human physical death is not necessarily the result of Adam's Sin, as narrated in Torah. Instead, the spiritual death that is considered a result of human sin is the consequence of Adam's Original Sin, like other human sins. Despite some Christian interpretations that completely changed the story, this study shows that the Torah's statement is entirely interpretable and reasonable. In this respect, the Quran has never mentioned anything about Adam and his progeny's physical and spiritual death. Instead, the Quran states that merciful God forgave his fault in eating the Forbidden Fruit, and God will never punish people for the sins of others; thus, sin is not hereditary.
۳۵.

The Philosophical, Political and Economic Thought of Dr. Muhammad Iqbal: A Brief Reappraisal

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Khudi Ego Islam Imperialism Colonialism Western Civilisation Equality Quran Democracy Socialism Caliphate

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵۵
This paper discusses some key points in the philosophical, political and economic thought of the famous Indian Muslim poet Dr. Mohammad Iqbal. Iqbal sought to reform the Muslim identity and the wider Islamic world in order to deal with the Western challenge. He was deeply perturbed by the ideological domination of the East by the West in the political, cultural and social spheres. His political and economic perceptions, as indicated in his poems, seek to revive the self-confidence and creativity in the Muslim Ummah (Community). Iqbal exhorts the Muslims to realise their identity and selfhood (Khudi) to confront the Western challenge. Iqbal’s politico-economic thought is tinged with his dislike of capitalism and colonial rule. As an anti-dote to these elements, Iqbal speaks positively of socialism and its main proponents in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century although he rejects the atheistic form of socialism. Iqbal also purposes a reconstruction of Islamic thought in order to make it compatible with the demands of the modern world. All in all, Iqbal’s philosophy reveals an eclectic mixture of Islamic modernism, anti-imperialism, pan-Islamism and a desire for a socially equitable society within an Islamic framework. 
۳۶.

Exploration of the Quranic Roots of the Imam Khamenei's Body Language Disparities in Meetings with People and Leaders of Some Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Body Language language Body Quran Imam Khamenei

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۷
Human language and power of speech are not the only means of his communication with others, but a high percentage of his messages are transmitted to others willingly or unwillingly with other parts of the body and through his physical movements and behaviors, which is called body language. The messages sent by body language are much more expressive and expressive than the messages that are transmitted through speech. Imam Khamenei (Madazla-ul-Ali) has proven during his leadership and in various scenes recorded by him that he is very skilled and capable in using body language. On the other hand, one of the foundations of personality psychology is that people's movements and behavior are subject to their personality. Therefore, this research seeks to introduce the scientific and Quranic personality of the Supreme Leader, using library sources and descriptive and analytical methods to analyze the origins and Quranic foundations of Imam Khamenei's different body language in meeting with the people and leaders of some countries to pay The findings of this research indicate that the origin of his humble and kind body language in front of the people, especially the families of the martyrs, as well as his authoritative and seemingly arrogant body language, in meeting with some heads of government, are both humanizing and sublime commands of the Holy Quran. Is.
۳۷.

The Anthropological Fundamentals of Self-Awareness and its Educational Functions according to the Holy Quran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cognitive Human Foundations Self-Awareness Education Quran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱
Self-awareness is one of the key issues in life that every individual must possess for progress and advancement in their lives. It is highlighted in the Quran with terms such as insight and self-forgetfulness, and it is based on theological, ontological, and anthropological foundations. Each of these foundations has educational effects. The present study discusses the anthropological foundations of self-awareness in dimensions such as insight, orientation, and values, and aims to address the following questions: What are the cognitive foundations of self-awareness in the Quran, and what are their educational functions? What are the orientation foundations of self-awareness in the Quran, and what are their educational functions? What are the values foundations of self-awareness in the Quran, and what are their educational functions? Background Regarding the significant importance of this research, numerous activities have been carried out in the field of psychology with a religious approach, such as the book "Comparative Self-Awareness from the Perspective of Islam and Psychology" by Fatemeh Esfandiari, the book "Self-Awareness" by Samad Shah Mohammadi, the book "Self-Awareness and Self-Management" by Masoud Noorali Zadeh, the book "From Self-Awareness to Self-Knowledge" by Shahrbano Ghahhari, and articles like "The Relationship between Self-Awareness and God-Awareness" by Noorali Zadeh Miyaneji, Bashiri, and Jan Bozorgi in the Psychology and Religion Journal, no.19, article on the effectiveness of teaching self-awareness from the perspective of Islamic teachings on reducing students' psychological pressure by Amir Hossein Mousavi in the Psychology Studies Journal, no. 30, article on self-awareness and its educational functions in improving human social relationships in the Quran and Hadith by Fatemeh Saifali'i in issue 2 of volume 2 of the Journal of Educational Teachings in the Quran and Hadith, and others. However, no work has yet delved into the Quranic foundations that provide a fundamental and root-based look at this issue and its educational effects. It seems that this article may be the first work to address this topic. Methodology In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to evaluate and analyze the main concepts including various dimensions of cognitive human foundations, self-awareness, and their educational effects in detail. This analytical method allows us to delve into a better understanding of the cognitive human foundations in dimensions such as attitude, orientation, values, self-awareness, and their educational effects from the perspective of the Holy Quran. General Research Findings Cognitive human foundations of self-awareness in the Quran are divided into attitude, orientation, and values foundations. The dual existence of human from body and soul, human's free will, and purposefulness are among the most important attitude foundations that significantly impact the fulfilling self-awareness and have educational effects such as attention to physical and spiritual dimensions, assisting human in the path of perfection, and enhancing human resilience, patience, and self-esteem. Purposefulness is directly related to self-awareness because without self-awareness, achieving one's goals and ultimate purpose is not possible, and without consideration of the hearafter, reaching the final goal is not achievable. Human nature and pure temperament, awareness of capacities, abilities, and shortcomings are among the most vital orientation cognitive human foundations that have a significant impact on the realization of self-awareness and have educational functions such as awareness of capacities, talents, and shortcomings as the starting point of self-awareness, recognizing capacities and shortcomings leading to strengthening confidence, increasing self-belief, and self-awareness. Human dignity, caliphate, and vicegerency of God are among the crucial values-based cognitive human foundations, each of which has a direct relationship with self-awareness and results in feelings of worthiness, self-esteem, and social status in society. Final Conclusion Cognitive human foundations of self-awareness in the Quran are divided into attitude, orientation, and values foundations, each of which has educational effects.
۳۸.

A Critical Study of Armstrong's View on Myth in the Qurʾān with an Emphasis on the Phenomenological Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Quran Myth Armstrong Phenomenology Idea of the Holy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶ تعداد دانلود : ۲۷
Myth in the Quran is one of the topics that has been studied by western Qurʾānic scholars. The new studies of Western scholars have investigated this issue with different approaches and methods, sometimes with a contextual approach and sometimes with a phenomenological approach. In the meantime, Karen Armstrong, using the principles and characteristics of the phenomenological approach, has studied the myth in religions, especially in Islam and the Qurʾān. She considers all the events mentioned in the holy books of the three Abrahamic monotheistic religions to be myths, although there may be historical events behind them, but over centuries this historical event has become the source of religious inspiration and the center of religious spirituality. To transform and enter the lives and hearts of believing and worshiping generations, it must be recreated in the form of a myth along with actions and rituals. Karen Armstrong is a British author and commentator who has written many works in the field of Islam and the Quran. The comparative and phenomenological approach to religion is one of the main characteristics of her works. Like other mythologists, she introduces myth as an event that once happened in some way, but at the same time always happens. According to her, an event should be freed from the shackles of a certain period and enter the lives of contemporary worshipers, because otherwise it will remain a unique and unrepeatable event, or a strange historical event that does not connect with the lives of others. In other words, the key point of the view of this group of orientalists about the relationship between myth and historical event can be summarized in the following sentence: "As long as a historical event has not become a myth, it cannot become a source of religious inspiration." As the title and content of this research indicate, the subject matter pertains to Karen Armstrong's phenomenological approach to Quranic narratives and their relationship to the concept of myth. The research aims to not only compare her perspective with the methodological principles of phenomenology but also to critically evaluate it. Previous studies on this topic can be broadly divided into two categories: Western studies on myth in the Quran and Islamic studies that critique Western scholars' views on this issue. The research in the first category constitutes the primary sources for this research, along with other critical studies among the various critiques offered by Muslim scholars; the contextual approach employed by Western scholars has received particular attention. This approach has been extensively discussed by scholars such as Angelika Neuwirth in the Encyclopedia of the Quran. In response, several articles have been written critiquing and examining this perspective. But the analysis of Armstrong's point of view based on phenomenological approach is a subject that has been rarely discussed and this research can be considered one of the initial critical studies in this regard. In contrast to Western scholars, Muslim scholars and exegetes have primarily focused on the concept of "Asāṭīr al-Awwalīn" (اساطیر الاولین) when addressing the issue of myth in the Quran. They have sought to explain this concept within the Quranic framework. The majority of Muslim exegetes define Asāṭīr as the writings of the ancients about their own lives, including their history, speeches, stories, and events. Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1209 CE) identifies this definition as the view held by the majority of exegetes. However, what is studied under the title of myth in the western Qurʾānic studies has other criteria and indicators that are determined by contextual and phenomenological approaches. Using library sources and descriptive-analytical method, this article aims to examine Armstrong's view of myth in the Quran by emphasizing the methodological principles of the phenomenological approach and evaluate it in the form of a case study. The principle of autonomy or independence, which expresses the uniqueness of the realm of the sacred and its experience, is one of the most important methodological principles of the phenomenological approach. Emphasizing this principle, Armstrong considers the language and realm of the Qurʾān to be different from the language and realm of experimental and social affairs, and this is where she finds her way to mythological or symbolic language. Relying on the comparative method, which is one of the methodological principles of the phenomenological approach, Armstrong compares Islam and Christianity and, in this way, pays attention to the character of Jesus and the mythological issues created by Paul. She tries to present a view similar to her own view of Christianity by presenting three introductions: The Prophet being the successor of Christ, the Qurʾān's non-opposition to myth and the moral function of the stories of the Qurʾān. In this way, the Quran, by presenting a mythological image of the Prophet of Islam and other prophets, tries to bring these characters out of the confinement of those times and places and repeat them for all ages. In addition to the criticisms that were expressed regarding the symbolic nature of the language of the Quran and the effectiveness of a belief in the lives of believers as a criterion of truth, Armstrong's comparison between the Prophet of Islam and the Jesus has been criticized.
۳۹.

Comparative Study of the Permissibility (Being Ḥalāl) of Consuming Animal Meat in the Quran and the Bible

کلیدواژه‌ها: Ḥalāl Kosher Quadrupeds birds Aquatic Animals Quran Torah

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴
Divine laws have provided recommendations for various aspects of human life, including his nutrition. Among these directives are the commands of God regarding the permissibility (Ḥalāl) and prohibition (Ḥarām) of consuming animal meat. According to the individual and social interests of humans, considering the benefits and harms of animal meat for human body and soul, God has deemed the consumption of animal meat as permissible or forbidden. The present study aims to analyze the rulings on the permissibility and prohibition of consuming meat of certain animals in Judaism and Islam through a comparative-analytical method. The findings of this study reveal significant similarities between Islam and Judaism regarding the regulations concerning animals, including the prohibition of consuming non-slaughtered animal meat, the prohibition of consuming many insects, reptiles, and mammals. However, differences exist in areas such as consuming blood pudding and combining meat with dairy products. Generally, Jewish laws are strict, while Islamic laws are lenient and moderate, not burdening individuals beyond their capacity.
۴۰.

Comparative Study of the Place of Sexual Instinct in the Quran and the Bible

کلیدواژه‌ها: Sexual Instinct Quran Bible

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰
Sexual desire is a powerful force that, if expressed incorrectly, can cause indescribable harm to individuals. Conversely, responding to this desire and, more importantly, achieving balance in responses can lead to significant individual and social effects. Since the heavenly scriptures of Abrahamic religions have never disregarded sexual pleasure, ensuring that sexual satisfaction does not become a means of societal deviation, the present study aims to explore what teachings these scriptures offer to preserve the sexual instinct. By comparing the three texts—the Quran, the Old Testament, and the New Testament—through a descriptive and analytical approach using library resources, we have concluded that all three texts recognize the family as the proper context for the correct fulfillment of this instinct and provide programs for this purpose. In this regard, the Quran establishes specific laws within the confines of marriage that prevent marriage from posing a threat to the sexual instinct. This is contrary to what is observed in the two Testaments, particularly in the New Testament. Both the Quran and the Bible discuss the preservation and purity of the sexual instinct, but the purity emphasized in Islam differs from that in the Testaments (especially the New Testament). The Quran guides towards proper fulfillment, while another view seeks to suppress this instinct.