Policymaking

Gas export is one of the considerable choices in gas consumption to obtain foreign ex-change direct income by the government. Gas can be transformed and exported by various forms such as LNG and GTL. All forms of gar transformation and its export row gas with a convertible coefficient. Therefore, gas export means the total gas export through pipelines, LNG on the other forms of gas transition. Increasing concerns towards the environmental practices and human communal lives, on the other hand, due to be added the natural gas to the numbers of clean fuel applicants. Iran has the most natural gas resources in the Middle-East and universally, offers in the second stance following Russia. Therefore, it’s expected to provide the massive benefit of e4xploitation from the enormous resources of natural gas to present the appropriate opportunities for economic prosperity, industrial development and sustainable technological improvement in Iran. However, the slight share of gas in the for-eign exchange income indicates that Iran's policymaking is inefficient in regard. Analyzing and finding the main reasons for policymaking deficiency in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the gas export domain from 1996 to 2016, was a purpose by which the proposed research was formed. The results of the study indicate that regarding the technical and economic de-pendency of utilization from Iranian oil resources, on the one hand, and the critical signific-ance of oil for governing, and understanding policymaking purposes of Iran gas export is integrated into the political structure. Accordingly, the type of governing structural perspec-tive in the universal system has deprived gas export through LNG pipes and novel technol-ogies. This research is amongst the existing fundamental and theoretical research practices which aim to find originally an appropriate strategy via investigating policymaking of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1996 to 2016, for extroverting the current issues. The data-collection method is library-based on which will be done by taking notes of the firsstance resources, and also some valid internet-based ones. The data analytical method will be a descriptive-analytical method.

  سرمایه انسانی بیشتر در بهره وری، رشد اقتصادی، بهبود و تامین کیفیت زندگی بهتر در جهان می شود. توسعه منابع انسانی به معنای هر فعالیتی است که برای بهبود و ارتقای شایستگی های حرفه ای از طریق بهبود دانش، مهارت ها و نگرش های آنها طراحی شده است. مدیریت منابع انسانی در مدارس بر اساس جایگاه و نقش مهمی که در توسعه سیاسی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، مهم است. هدف از این پژوهش طراحی مدل سازی توسعه منابع انسانی در مدرسه با نظریه نظریه پایه (GT) بود. بر این اساس ابزار مصاحبه طراحی و در مرحله بعد با شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش انتخاب و مصاحبه در مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت و بر اساس نتایج تحلیل داده ها موضوعات بررسی و ارائه شد. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 25 نفر از کارشناسان پرورشی شامل معاون وزیر، مشاور وزیر، مدیرکل ستادی وزارتخانه، رئیس سازمان آموزش و استان و مدیر مدرسه بودند که در زمستان 1398 با آنها مصاحبه شد. این مطالعه با نمونه هدف آغاز شد. ورود، تحصیل تخصصی با مدرک کارشناسی ارشد، سابقه کار در سطح وزارتخانه، معاون وزیر، مدیر کل و رئیس سازمان استان بود. و حداقل 10 سال سابقه مدیریت در مدارس با جمعیت دانش آموزی بالای هزار نفر. گروهی که به اشباع داده بودند بر اساس نمونه گیری نظری ادامه دادند. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها

Nowadays, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has become the primary source of tourism-related information. Travelers are increasingly seeking additional information provided in eWOM platforms to minimize the complexity and insecurity involved in making a purchase decision. However, there still is a lack of research on the impact of eWOM on travelers’ green hotel booking intentions. Therefore, this study aims to develop a theoretical model to examine the effects of positive and negative eWOM on travelers’ green hotel booking intentions and provide practical guidelines for hotel marketing and policymaking. To do this, a model was developed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) while positive and negative eWOM were linked to the model as two new factors. This study utilized a quantitative research approach and data collection was performed through an online survey questionnaire. Data was collected from 418 travelers who had the experience of searching on social media for collecting travel-related information. The statistical software SmartPLS and SPSS were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that customer attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral controls, and positive eWOM positively influenced travelers’ green hotel booking intentions. In contrast, the influence of negative eWOM on travelers’ green hotel booking intentions was not supported. The findings of this study can assist hotel managers in social and content media policymaking. Meanwhile, they can help policymakers in the tourism industry develop optimum policies. This study can provide new capabilities for policymakers to address existing challenges and opportunities and promote green practices in the hotel sector.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is a policy-making model of the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade (MIMT) based on digital transformation is presented. Method : The study is an applied-developmental study in terms of purpose and cross-sectional survey research. A semi-structured interview and Likert scale questionnaire were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability. The statistical population includes experts in the automotive industry until the theoretical saturation was reached and 15 experts participated. Using Cochran's formula for indeterminate populations, 365 people were calculated as a sample and cluster sampling method. To analyze the data, the grounded theory analysis method was used to identify the research indicators, and to validate and present the final model, the structural equation modeling method and LISREL software were used. Findings : it can be acknowledged that before deciding to transform processes and enter the digital arena, it is necessary to assess the readiness of the organization as well as its human resources to accept this change Conclusion : the implementation of the automotive industry policy for digital transformation will make the Ministry of Industry, Mine, and Trade the digital leader in the automotive industry.