Design

Purpose: This study aimed to design a temporary housing pattern tailored to the needs of the injured after a natural disaster. Design/methodology/approach: This study had an applied objective and employed a descriptive-analytical method with an approach to survey and post-implementation evaluation. The criteria for temporary accommodation design were collected through library research and the victims’ satisfaction of these criteria was considered through field research. The criteria included socio-cultural, physical-functional and technical-structural elements. Field research was carried out in 10 villages of Heris County, East Azerbaijan, which were destroyed completely by earthquake in 2012. Field research was conducted through user-oriented procedures of questionnaires, interviews and field observations. In total, the criteria were evaluated in separate tables based on the Likert spectrum. Findings: The results indicated that the victims were dissatisfied with temporary resettlement after the earthquake in all three criteria. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this study was the high cost of numerous visits to villages and low willingness of their inhabitants to cooperate with interviewers and answer the questions for various reasons. Practical implications: Improvement strategies were proposed to enhance the quality temporary housing through organized interviews with the injured. Suggestions made by experts led to proposing some improvement strategies as well. Finally, the design of the temporary housing model was put forward in accordance with these solutions. Originality/value: This article initiated an innovative design of temporary housing which was tailored to the needs of those who had experienced the disaster based on their perceptions, not merely based on existing theoretical foundations.

The present qualitative-correlational study is aimed at developing a model for designing a happy and active learning environment in schools, and also identifying the relationships between different components of a happy learning environment and students’ mental health and stress. First, the qualitative method was used to review the relevant literature and interview several experts in the field. Accordingly, 8 main components and 36 sub-components were identified for a happy learning environment, and a conceptual model was developed. Next, the correlational method was used to determine the relationships between a happy learning environment and students’ mental health and stress. A total of 200 students (100 females and 100 males) studying at five primary schools in Kermanshah in school year 2014-2015 were selected as the sample. The inclusion criteria were the observation of some specific symptoms such as nail biting, withdrawal, aggression, and academic underachievement. Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a researcher-made questionnaire on the components of a happy learning environment were used to collect the data on the students’ behavior as observed by their parents and teachers. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent t-test.There was a significant correlation between students’ mental health and different components of a happy school environment. (p<0.01). Among the components of mental health, stress had the most significant inverse correlation with different components of a happy school environment (p = 0.01, r = -0.17). In addition, female students were mentally healthier as compared to their male counterparts (p < 0.001). However, both gender groups scored equally on liveliness (p < 0.05).Given the significant relationship between students’ improved mental health and reduced stress and the presence of a happy learning environment in schools, it can be concluded that a happy and dynamic learning environment can significantly improve students’ mental health.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand, design and price on the perceived quality and re-intention of consumers to buy sport brand shoes. This is an applied research conducted as a descriptive correlational study in field form. The statistical population of this study included all physical education students across different educational levels in Iran. In this research, 720 questionnaires were collected by random cluster sampling. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with PLS software was used to analyse the data of this research. The results of this study show that design with a coefficient of 0.36, price with 0.27, and brand with 0.26 have a significant effect on quality perceived by customers. The results of this research also show that perceived quality with an effect coefficient of 0.49 has a significant effect on customers’ purchase intention. Generally speaking, it can be concluded that the components of design, price, and brand of sport shoes for Iranian physical education students are very important. Famous brands in the world need to pay particular attention to these components to tap into this lucrative market in Iran and increase their re-purchasing intention by influencing consumers’ perceived quality.

This article contains the views of different scholars and their researches about Allah Verdi Khan Bridge. In this brief study two important points have been highlighted. First, who is the probable constructor of the bridge and what the references tell about it. Secondly, the explanation about the grave mistakes of the foundation and completion dates of the bridge and thus argument about the exact date. In addition to these two points various architectural characteristics have also been highlighted.

The concept of lifes tyle was initially used in psychology and sociology, but its features gradually gained entry into other fields of s tudy, including housing. Various s tudies have been conducted on applying housing lifes tyle in Iran, as in other countries. In this s tudy, the s tructure and contents of lifes tyle research in the field of housing have been compared to Iranian research. To achieve this goal, 45 English and 13 Persian articles were thoroughly s tudied by the sys tematic review method. The CASP checklis t was used for validity and quality control. The results of this analysis show that there are different views on the methodological approaches so it is sugges ted to use mixed methods. Housing lifes tyle s tudies can be divided into four types of micro and macro scale design, residential preferences, energy consumption in the building, and the meaning of housing. Research on the international scale in the field of meaning and energy consumption is less than design and residential preferences. This is more evident in Iranian s tudies and should be further s tudied in the field of housing planning, residential preferences, and building energy. The number of lifes tyle factors in international s tudies is broader than in Iranian s tudies. However, there is a gap in the field of subjective lifes tyle and its psychological issues.

Augmented reality (AR) builds better participation for placemaking by focusing on real time features, communication, and direct information flow between project s takeholders. This s tudy attempts to access to specification of the Augmented Reality Sys tem for Placemaking (ARSP) model and make the research a basis for a profitable e-business model. By inves tigating AR and placemaking, this research seeks to build an augmented reality sys tem specification of the information flow and communication for project s takeholders' management. This paper explores the potential for using AR technology in interior design by three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) and façade placemaking by 2D textures of brick material. The sys tem consis ts of a qualitative proof of concept (POC) model, a prototype model, and a minimum vital product (MVP) model to s tudy to compel quantitative research. The ARSP POC model, prototype model, and MVP model are programmed by building an information modeling (BIM) sys tem, Revit and Unity software, and different software development kits (SDKs) as an application for Android devices. Seventy-four experts tes ted the MVP model in the Delphi method and observed, interviewed, and filled out a ques tionnaire. The research shows that the contributions of this s tudy to the body of knowledge are twofold. Firs t, this s tudy extends the unders tanding of AR applications in placemaking. Second, this s tudy identifies possible improvements using AR sys tems in design, procurement, and cons truction.

The product resulting from the design process can be depicted as a text carrying the meaning whose readers are its users. Among the prominent theories dealing with the category of the meaning in the text, the reception hermeneutic in epistemology, and the experience approach in design, have been discussed in this research. This study aimed to find out whether it is possible to compare the author with the designer, after assuming the product as a text. It also addressed the type of interaction with the user from a reception hermeneutic perspective in the experience design approach. In this regard, subjects such as understanding, reception, and generally, interpretation of the product have also been studied using library sources and the descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that the phenomenon of the text reading in the reception hermeneutic approach is comparable to the experience at the thinking level in the process of user-product interaction. In other words, text reading can be equated with product experience.

Physical education schools play an important role in the physical and mental progress of students as well as having a great impact on the international success of the athletes. Therefore, the architecture and educational sport settings are of high importance. Hence, the present study was carried out with the aim of developing the educational and sport spaces of physical education schools. The current research is phenomenological based on a qualitative method. The research population consisted of academic faculty members of the art and architecture departments, sport management department; experts of constructing and equipping sport places; physical education school principals, teachers, and students. Fifteen participants were selected through a purposeful sampling. The Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and for the final validation, the validity and reliability criteria were applied. Factors affecting the development of educational and sport places of physical education schools included 68 sub-themes classified under nine main themes: spatial diversity, space function improvement, linkage of the places, light-related factors, color-related factors, design standards, design enhancement, safety factors, and health factors. Therefore, it is essential for relevant managers to take into account the standards of construction and design of physical education schools.

In the contemporary era man has become much focused on implication of technology in every sector associated with human development. Knowledge being indispensable center of attention attracts the interest of the researchers to deal with its management from generation to dissemination and ultimately to proper use especially in the field of Science and Technology. A Knowledge Management System (KMS) being an amalgamation of content, experience, and process management; take care of management of knowledge as well as enabling its free flow amongst the employees working in an organization for a common goal. Therefore, the paper is an effort to discuss the concept of Knowledge Management along with a detailed theoretical framework for developing a KM System for any knowledge dealing enterprise. The study can be much helpful which acts as a torch bearer concept for all those organizations especially research institutes that are planning for implementation of such Systems hence lessen their efforts and time.