مطالب

Данная статья посвящена изучению основных аффиксальных морфем выражения функционально-семантической категории градуальности в прилагательных русского языка. Для достижения цели работы были поставлены задачи рассмотрения категории градуальности и ее составляющих частей (интенсификация и деинтенсификация) в русской лингвистике, а также определение семантических и словообразовательных особенностей данной категории. Далее в работе изучены аффиксальные средства выражения интенсификации и деинтенсификации признака в прилагательных русского языка. Выбор темы, прежде всего, связан с малоизученностью аффиксальных морфем прилагательных со словообразовательным значением градуальности в русском языке. Новизна работы заключается в определении позиции, которую занимает каждая аффиксальная морфема прилагательных с градульным значением на шкале градуальности. Проведенный анализ показывает, что аффиксальные морфемы градуирования признака в русском языке больше всего употребляются для интенсификации. Результаты анализа могут быть полезными не только исследователям, изучающим взаимосвязь функционально-семантических категорий и словообразовательных средств выражения этих категорий, но и студентам, изучающим русский язык.

Deux caractéristiques majeures de l’esthétique postmoderne, le retour du sujet et le chaos-monde, sont repérables à la lecture de Madame Bâ et Mali, ô Mali d’Orsenna et La Découverte de l’Amérique de Pividal. Ce sont des romans français postmodernes. Si le narrateur raconte à la première personne, il pervertit pourtant la théorie de l’individualisme, de l’atavisme et œuvre plutôt pour l’intérêt général. Par ailleurs, les romanciers déconstruisent l’ordre unitaire des savoirs modernes au profit du chaos-monde, de la théorie de l’imprédictibilité, une sorte de désordre naturel qui est la seule raison du monde. Rien n’est prévisible et imposant. Comment Erik Orsenna et Rafaël Pividal réécrivent-ils les systèmes de pensée modernes au profit d’un enchevêtrement des cultures ? En nous appuyant sur la pensée postcoloniale, nous allons résoudre cette question autour de deux axes : le retour du sujet et l’imprédictibilité des valeurs-monde.

Il existe des termes liés en didactique qui ne sont pas capables de caractériser leurs efficacités conceptuelles lorsqu’on les emprunte dans les échelles variées des analyses linguistiques. La définition hâtive des termes à savoir, « langue maternelle », « langue étrangère », « langue native », « apprenant » etc., loin de toute politique linguistique ne se construisant pas autour de la notion de langue, souffre d’une insuffisance interprétative. Dans les contextes linguistiques et notamment l’appropriation des langues, ces termes ne sont pas lapidaires pour suivre la totalité d’un processus complexe. La néoténie linguistique déclare en toute explicite que les appellations en question souffrent d’une insuffisance conceptuelle et d’une opacité interprétative n’ayant pas un support scientifique adéquates qui régissent la rigueur épistémologique. Dans cet article nous évoquons l’aspect terminologique de la néoténie linguistique s’inspirant de la psychomécanique du langage de Gustave Guillaume qui propose les termes remplaçant à des termes non adéquats (« langue maternelle », « langue étrangère », « langue native », « apprenant ») en didactique via la répartition tripartite temporelle. Nous verrons que le lien cognitif entre le locuteur et les langues s’astreint à suivre un passage opératif du temps guillaumien, de la puissance à l’existence, voire, du virtuel au réel.

In regard to recent revolution in the education domain, English Language Teaching (ELT) assigns a sociopolitical dimension to itself in the light of Critical Pedagogy. The present study, in line with the recent educational revolution, aimed to investigate the effectiveness of critical thinking on improving EFL learners’ productive skills. The statistical population consisted of 164 pre-intermediate attendees of EFL in an English Language Institute in the city of Babol selected for taking an Oxford Placement Test (OPT). The participants were 80 Iranian pre-intermediate EFL students within 10-20-year range, enrolled in Shokouh English language institute in Babol, who were randomly divided into two experimental and two control groups of (N=20) for each group during summer 2018 through the non-probability sampling design. Then, IELTS pre-intermediate speaking and writing tests were taken as the pre-test to make sure that they have failed to have a previous knowledge of objective structures. Unlike the control group, the participants in the experimental group were told to apply critical thinking instructions in learning speaking and writing skills. After intervention, the same pretest was taken to the participants in both groups as the posttest to determine the result of gaining the medical aid. Independent and paired sample t-tests were run to answer the research questions. The results indicated that critical thinking is highly contributive in learning productive skills. The findings of this study can be applied in methodological issues.

It is substantiated that particular features of pragmatics are teachable, and instruction is both necessary and effective. Determining what kind of intervention is most effectual for facilitating learners’ pragmatic development has been a central issue for researchers. To respond to the inconclusive findings in intervention studies and to extend the instructional studies in L2 pragmatics to less studied and more complex teaching targets, such as implicatures, the current study inquired into the effects of metapragmatic awareness, interactive translation, and discussion through video  vignettes on the comprehension of implicatures of 51 (15 male and 36 female) Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners, who were selected based on Oxford Quick Placement Test (2004) from students majoring English Literature and TEFL at Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran. Fifty-six video prompts containing implicatures from Friends sitcom series and Desperate Housewives TV series were taught to the participants who were randomly assigned to four groups (metapragmatic awareness, interactive translation, discussion, and control). The participants attended the classes twice a week for eight sessions. Results of multiple-choice implicature listening test revealed that all three intervention groups outperformed the control group. Results of Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test illustrated that the metapragmatic awareness group outperformed the interactive translation and discussion groups. No meaningful difference was found between the interactive translation group and the discussion group. The paper concludes that providing learners with contextually appropriate input through video using methods of pragmatic instruction (metapragmatic consciousness-raising, translation, and discussion) is effective to promote their ability to comprehend implicatures and signposts some avenues for future research.

Plagiarism is considered as a serious problem in academia around the world. The issue of plagiarism has recently received global inquiry in different fields of science, especially in foreign language (L2) academic writing. To meticulously assess the Iranian academics for plagiarism at both theory and practice grounds, developing an accountable instrument seemed to be inevitable. To bridge the gap, in phase 1 of the study, a conceptual framework for Iranian academics’ grasp of plagiarism and its components was designed after a thorough review of literature. In phase 2, a number of M.A. graduates and graduate students (n = 224) in six State and Islamic Azad universities in Iran were recruited to partake in piloting the newly-designed plagiarism questionnaire. After a two-step revising the inefficient items (n = 11), the final draft of the developed questionnaire with 36 items was administered with the main sample of participants (n = 288). An Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed to identify the components of the instrument, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis to measure its construct validity. As a result, the final draft of the Sociocultural Plagiarism Questionnaire contained 31 Likert-point and 5 multiple choice items in four components of awareness (10 items), attitude (8 items), sociocultural beliefs (8 items), and perception (5 Likert-point and 5 multiple choice items), which were suggested as having fundamental contributions to the Iranian academic writers’ sensitivity to plagiarism. Findings of the study suggested that (a) the Iranian academic writers’ normative sociocultural beliefs can probably reduce their sensitivity to plagiarism, (b) while the Iranian academics might have relatively high awareness and deep perception about plagiarism, their attitude toward plagiarism seems relatively neutral or even insensitive.