مطالب

New technology ventures currently play a key role in the economic performance of countries. Financing methods are among strategic issues facing entrepreneurs for launching a business, which must be reviewed by researchers and policymakers of finance and investment; thereby new technology ventures are of importance in the economic growth trend and sustainable development. This study is aimed at reviewing the effects of internal and external factors on the selection of financing strategies by new technology ventures. Statistical society of the present research includes start-up companies. Data collection method includes library research and field research. Descriptive-practical research method and data analysis tools, Delphi techniques and experts' panel, and regression analysis. Firstly, upon designing the preliminary questionnaire and distribution thereof among academic experts and new technology ventures, totaling 29, main and secondary elements were extracted based on the information received from the experts. Then, at the next stage, for the explanation of the designed model, the final questionnaire of research, incl. general and specialized questions are prepared and drawn up, and upon distribution of the final questionnaire among the statistical sample, comprising start-up companies, the stated questionnaire was distributed among 384 companies. Research results indicate a positive and significant effect of internal variables of companies concerning the role of intermediary variables on traditional and new financing methods. Notably, external variables of companies have a significant effect on traditional and new financing methods through intermediary variables. These results indicate the importance of internal and external factors of companies on the determination of financing strategy of start-up companies in Iran.

Numerous models are proposed to model international trade and promote it. Vanek, instead of designing a trade pattern based on the production, introduced a pattern based on the factor content of trade. In the present study, apart from the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, we attempt to determine the factor content of Iran's trade without factor price equalization by using internal input-output tables. Net trading is positive only for 7 sectors of Iran's economy, including oil and gas. It is negative for 91 percent of sectors that accounts for 78 percent of the economy. Moreover, Iran's factor content of trade is positive for 50 percent of industries, negative for 48%, and it is zero for two ones. In general, the factor content of trade for raw and mineral materials, services, electricity, gas and water infrastructure sectors are positive. In contrast, the factor content of trade is negative for activities like manufacturing of machinery and equipment and in general for sections that require intermediate investment and high-tech goods. Sign and rank tests are employed to assess the validity of HOV theorem. The sign test was found to be satisfied for 67% of cases. Rank test showed satisfaction in about 47% of the cases. JEL Classification: Y10: P45: O53: F14

Trade liberalization has induced volatility in the prices of oilseeds. Oilseeds such as rapeseed and mustard, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and the staple ingredients in many food items. This paper analyzed the international and domestic prices of rapeseed and mustard for India. The analysis showed that India was a net exporter of rapeseed and mustard oilseeds and has experienced lower price volatility for these crops. On the other hand, in terms of processed rapeseed and mustard oil, India has been a net importer. As such it is unable to influence the prices of these products and has greater price volatility in the domestic market. The present study examined these issues in-depth in post-trade liberalization and India’s accession into the World Trade Organization and commitments under the Agreement in Agriculture. The statistical technique used for analysis was the run test and the nominal protection coefficients. Therefore, the present study was carried out to analyze the fluctuations in international and domestic prices of rapeseed and mustard crops after trade liberalization and its impact on the competitiveness of a crop. JEL Classification: D40, F14,O53

Due to geographic importance, India, China and European states are the largest potential natural gas markets of Iran. Iran natural gas and gas condensate production reached to 6.5 million barrels until February 2019. This gas will be received by Europe, finally. Europe depends on gas import from Russia, a matter that concerns gas importing states. Europe security strategy is focused on decrease in the level of dependence on Russia which is emphasized by Europe security perspectives. The research is intended to investigate these issues: what is Europe strategy to provide its energy security? And how do Iran’s gas resources affect Iran and Europe relations? The research hypothesis is that Europe is intended to develop its relation with Iran in order to decrease in Europe energy dependence on Russia. The research is based on descriptive-analytic method and also it is applied in terms of its goal. The research results show that Iran is the only state that can end Russia dominance on Europe energy supply, and European states can reconsider Iran’s role to promote Europe energy security and to decrease in the EU dependence on Russia.