مطالب

By growth of technology in the field of education, many virtual universities have been established and at a same time, using e-learning has been increased in the universities. In the present study, a mixed method was used as a methodology. In the quantitative phase it initially sought to empirically examine the students' attitudes toward e-learning in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, virtual campus. Then, the attitudes of MA students' majoring in English translation and English teaching (English group) were compared to M.Sc. students' attitudes majoring in four engineering majors (Engineering group). A total 80 virtual students (37.5% English language group and 62.5% Engineering group) who were using e-learning and were in the last year of education participated in the study. A valid and reliable questionnaire which was adopted from Vatanparast, Royani and Ghasemi in 2009, was used to investigate students' overall attitude toward e-learning. In the qualitative phase, two open ended questions were added at the end to investigate students' views and experiences in using e-learning. According to statistics, the overall attitudes of students toward e-learning was positive and there was no significant difference between students' attitude majoring in English language and students' attitude majoring in Engineering. However, in qualitative section the students mentioned essential difficulties and gave challenging comments for more effective learning based on their experiences during these years.

Objective: This study investigates the different motives and substance use risk profile in opium and methamphetamine use. Method: The statistical sample includes Seventy-eight individuals with substance use history referred to drop-in center (DIC) that completed research instruments including demographic information (researcher-made questionnaire), substance use motives (Hecimovic, Barrett, Darredeau, and Stewart, 2014), and substance use risk profile scale (Woicik et al., 2009). Multivariate analysis of variance utilized for data analysis based on SPSS-24. Results: The results of the MANOVA indicated that availability, relaxation, enjoying, and sexual motives are significantly higher in individuals using methamphetamine. Also, the results of the substance use risk profile represent that there are significant differences in anxiety sensitivity, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity in opium and methamphetamine use. Conclusions: Findings indicate the important role of motives and substance use risk profile in the tendency to the different types of substances. These various motives and personality risk factors should be considered in educational settings and psychological treatment for different types of substance use, especially opiate or stimulating substances.