مطالب

INTRODUCTION: Increasing the incidence of natural disasters around the world has led to increased concerns about the social and economic development of developed countries. Natural disasters are inevitable, but they can be taken to reduce their negative impacts on countries. Organizations involved in managing these crises must regulate their supply chain and make the necessary changes to improve the performance of the humanitarian supply chain. METHODS: Data analysis by partial least squares method (PLS) was performed using smart-pls2 software and a researcher-made questionnaire with 25 questions that examined six structures. In this research, 320 questionnaires have been distributed. In the statistical population of the survey, there are military centers, fire brigades, Omer Crescent population, emergency 115, crisis management and renovation committee in the parliament, governorate, municipalities, supply chain managers, Active practitioners in this field, subject specialists (reference persons and perpetrators in this field), and other members of the organizations involved in rescue and rescue operations in Tehran (randomly selected from the 22 areas). Eventually, 193 people were involved in relief and rescue operations. The reliability of the model has been investigated and verified through three ways of evaluating factor load coefficients, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, composite reliability (CR). The average variance extracted (AVE) values are greater than 0.5, and CR values are larger than AVEs. That means convergent validity. Also, the mean of the AVE for each structure is greater than 0.50 and this is a sign of convergent validity. FINDINGS: For the model, GOF is 0.56; that means the model has a great fit. The statistics above show that the proposed model is suitable for data collection. In general, the proposed model confirms the relationship between the use of information technology, mutual trust, flexibility, agility, adaptability and performance of the humanitarian supply chain. Fit statistics have four indicators: Goodness of Fitness (GFI) of 0.92, Fitted Goodness Index (AGFI) of 0.9, Root RMSEA error of 0.04, and 360.88 x 360 times. Finally, the ratio of k2 to the degree of freedom for 1.38 is obtained, indicating the good of fitness of the model fit with the data. With the aid of p-values and T-Values 8 hypotheses were confirmed in this modeling. CONCLUSION: The results show that the agility and flexibility of organizations in the humanitarian supply chain are related to the use of information technology and organizational trust, which in turn affects performance.

Due to people's searching for a unique new destination to pass their holidays and release for a while, the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari in Iran is one of the top touristic destinations in which a combination of huge natural beauty and rich history due to the nomadic lifestyle has made this province as a potential region for eco-tourism development, however this province has not a high volume of tourism flow at this time. To remove this shortcoming of tourism market in the area, in this study a baseline analysis of current situation of tourism industry has been done through in-depth interviews with the main stakeholders in eco-tourism market in the province. The potentials of tourism market in the area have been reviewed through SWOT analysis technique. The results will provide the tourism decision makers the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The main strengths and opportunities of the province is related to environmental and cultural issues due to its unique vast natural environment and nomadic lifestyle, however the main weaknesses and threats of the tourism destination is related to political and technological issues due to global sanctions of Iran and lack of sufficient infrastructure for eco-tourism.

Muslim exegetes have long sought to discover the wise secrets, rhetorical points, and explicit or implicit messages embedded in the expressions and structures of the Quranic text. In addition to the common methods of using lexicological approaches, Arabic morphology and syntax, ancient Arabic poetry or narrating the exegetical sayings from the prophet''s Companions to literally interpret explicit meanings of Quranic words, they sometimes appealed to intellectual methods in order to extract implicit and implied meanings hidden in some Quranic verses. In modern times, most of these technics and methods have been classified and introduced in various branches of linguistics. One of the relatively new branches of linguistics which concerns inferring implied, and intended meanings out of the utterances is pragmatics. The present study aims at conducting a comparison between the newly developed elements of pragmatics and some of the medieval Quranic commentaries which applied those elements. In this regard, three much discussed elements of presupposition, entailment and conventional implicature have been selected and then a number of old Quranic exegetes in which these three elements have been indirectly used are introduced. The study indicates that Muslim commentators of the medieval era were aware of these technics and extensively used them in their works.