درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rough analysis process to select the most effective functions of supply chain flexibility based on the propositions of integration of competitive values in the petrochemical industry. The methodology of this research is hybrid and to perform it from meta-synthesis analysis; Delphi and Rough collection used. The target population in the qualitative sector was similar research and academic experts in the field of industrial management. However, the target population was a small number of 23 managers with experience in petrochemical companies, which is acceptable from the statistical population due to the need to analyze the Rough process. In this study, based on the combined analysis of selected researches, 5 propositions of competitive value integration and 5 components of supply chain flexibility were determined, which entered the Rough collection analysis phase according to the confirmation of theoretical adequacy based on Delphi analysis. The results in this section identify the most effective propositions of integration of competitive values of companies operating in the petrochemical industry, three propositions of demand-based management propositions (P2); creating innovative values (P3) and reducing operating time (P5), which affects the flexibility of the supply chain and causes the flexibility of financing as the most effective component of the flexibility functions in the supply chain in the petrochemical industry.

Expanding use of renewable energies (RE) around the world is a critical mission to reach to global environmental policies. Largest share of global energy mix relates to deployable and carbon-intensive fossil fuels. So, it is necessary to create proper incentives for investors to invest in RE in order to move toward low carbon economy. In this regard, one of the implemented policies is imposing tax on using deployable energies which includes tax on both energy consumption and motor vehicle transportation. This paper investigates impact of environmental tax policy on investors’ behavior for 13 leading selected developed and developing countries during the period 2004-2016. Based on economic theory, investment, particularly in capital-intensive energy industries would have a long gestation period. To capture this feature and evaluate dynamic relations of investments in RE, a partial-adjustment dynamic model is applied and estimated using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method. The results show that imposing tax on fossil fuel energy consumption and transportation systems, in particular that use fossil fuels, has a significant negative and positive impact on investing in RE, respectively. Also, empirical results demonstrate that there is a significant negative relation between interest rate (IR) and Investments in Renewable Energies (IRE).