علی خلخالی

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی مشکلات مدیریت مدرسه در ایران بود. این پژوهش یک توصیف همبستگی از نوع ترکیبات ساختاری بود. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش همگی مدیران موفق مدارس کشور بودند. با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، 500 نفر از مدیران به عنوان نمونه نهایی دعوت به همکاری شدند. برای جمع آوری داده ها از 30 سوالی استفاده شد. ارزشی ارزیابی با بررسی ها خبر و پایایی بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ (86/0) ارزیابی شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از روش تحلیل عاملی و معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، 6 موضوع با عنوان مشکل سازمانی (10 مؤلفه)، مشکل اداری (6 مؤلفه)، مشکل محیطی - انگیزشی (5 مؤلفه) ایجاد شد. مشکل مالی (5 مؤلفه)، مشکل ساختاری (2 مؤلفه) و مشکل فردی (2 مؤلفه) از مشکلات اصلی مدیریتی مدارس هستند. همچنین روابط روابط این مشکلات تبیین و برازش است که بر اساس یافته ها، انتظار می رود که مدیران مدارس را برای توسعه دهنده های توسعه دهنده ایفای نقش آسیب رسانی کنند.

Background: Considering that a large part of the individual and social development of individuals is done by the official institution of education; Educational ethics is very important. In this regard, the institution of education has a key role in educating democratic citizens and educating and developing human rights. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a model of a democratic school in the primary education system. Method: This research was conducted qualitatively and thematically. The statistical population included all managers and deputies working in education and teacher training centers in the provinces of Iran, and 12 managers and deputies from the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, Khuzestan and Hamedan were selected in a targeted and non-probable manner. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and finally analyzed by Corbin and Strauss qualitative analysis model in the form of triple coding with MAXQDA software. Results: The results of the study showed that the components of critical thinking, participation and cooperation, legalism, freedom, equality, mutual respect, responsibility, right to choose and decide, rationality, social ethics and culturalism as The hallmarks of democratically oriented schools have been identified. Conclusion: Schools can educate democratic citizens for tomorrow's society by emphasizing educational ethics. By emphasizing human individuality and emphasizing rationality and morality, the democratic school nurtures students who have the ability to think critically and strive for freedom and equality with a proper understanding of their rights. Article number: 4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors of formation and consequences of collective trust in schools. Methodology: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method using data foundation theory. The statistical population included education professionals and knowledge-based companies. The research sample consisted of 12 experts and experts in the field of education and collective trust, the Institute of Education Studies, the Ministry Office of the Ministry and the General Directorate of Education, experienced managers who were selected by purposive sampling method. . First, 7 people were selected using purposive sampling, and then 5 more people were selected using the snowball method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. By analyzing the data theory, the basic model was extracted and then the components and sub-components were identified. Findings: The components of collective trust formation and its consequences in school were identified with 6 main dimensions, 17 pivotal components, and 85 coding. And the motivation and dynamism of the school community; The underlying conditions were: innovation and new technology, an effective educational program for teachers and school colleagues, and the consequences of the collective trust of schools were: improving the social status of teachers and administrators, students' academic success, setting educational goals and Appropriate teaching content - developing care insights in the school community. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the causal factors and underlying collective trust in schools are: support of senior school principals and the organization, personality and professional characteristics and motivation and dynamism of the school community; Underlying conditions are innovation and new technology, an effective curriculum for teachers and school staff