تحول ژئوپلیتیک در پرتو هوش مصنوعی؛ گامی به سوی بازتعریف قدرت در عصر ژئوداده (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این مقاله چارچوبی جامع درباره توسعه و تأثیر فناوری های پیشرفته، به ویژه فوران داده ها، بر ماهیت روابط بین الملل، پویایی قدرت و ژئوپلیتیک ارائه می دهد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی چگونگی تأثیر هوش مصنوعی بر روابط بین الملل و شکل گیری دوره ای است که از آن با عنوان «عصر ژئوداده» یاد می شود. پرسش اصلی این است که با توسعه و فراگیری هوش مصنوعی و ظهور عصر فوران داده ها چه تغییراتی در روابط بین الملل و سازوکار تولید قدرت به وجود آمده است؟ فرضیه پژوهش این است که هوش مصنوعی با تغییر پویش های قدرت از شکل سنتی به حاکمیت الگوریتمی، به ایجاد «حاکمیت ژئوداده» انجامیده که روابط بین الملل را به سمت یک چشم انداز تکنو-ژئوپلیتیک تغییر داده است. این پژوهش با استفاده تبیین داده های کیفی گردآوری شده که سرمایه گذاری های کلان کشورهای قدرتمند در حوزه هوش مصنوعی، علاوه بر تشدید رقابت های جهانی، به تحولاتی در اقتصاد سیاسی بین الملل و ژئوپلیتیک منجر شده است. این تغییرات، به ویژه در زمینه امنیت و مدیریت اطلاعات، نقش فزاینده ای در سیاست گذاری های جهانی یافته اند.Geopolitical Transformation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Step Toward Redefining Power in the Era of Geodata
Extended Abstract Introduction This article explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and the surge in data on the global order, especially in reshaping power dynamics. With the development of AI, big data has become a crucial asset for analysis, decision-making, and exercising power, driving profound changes in power structures and international relations. The study aims to provide a theoretical framework to understand these shifts and to examine how data-driven technologies influence areas such as security, political economy, and international policy. The modern world, empowered by advanced technologies, is encountering remarkable phenomena daily, which profoundly impact the social fabric and international relations. Artificial intelligence (AI), as an emerging phenomenon, has added complexity to international politics and the dynamics of power. The interaction between human and machine domains necessitates a reconsideration of the foundational aspects that shape our analytical assumptions and core premises of international relations (IR). International politics has always been a complex and tension-filled environment, requiring quick and precise decision-making. The field of IR comprises several interconnected areas of study closely tied to the nature and dynamics of knowledge, encompassing international security, international political economy, international organizations, and foreign policy. Analyzing each of these areas requires a theoretical approach. Understanding AI in these fields calls for an examination of its influence on IR theories. IR research has consistently adapted to new developments and emerging events. Does the rise of AI in international relations now demand a new theory? Or do existing theories require adaptation to the shifts AI has introduced? To what extent can IR theories explain and generalize insights about AI? It seems that, with some adjustments, IR theories retain considerable functional utility. With AI entering international politics and shifting power dynamics from traditional to algorithmic forms, IR literature is evolving in terms of its subjects, technical tools, and influence on foreign policy. In other words, all theories are affected by AI and must consider its implications for their theoretical traditions. Methodology This study employs a descriptive approach with qualitative content analysis. Data were collected from library and archival sources and analyzed using theoretical frameworks related to geopolitics, political economy, and technology. This methodology supports the exploration of the role of emerging technologies in reshaping structural aspects of power and international security. Results and Discussion Findings indicate that the rise of AI and the growing volume of data have fundamentally altered power structures and intensified competition among nations. Major investments by powerful countries in AI have led to shifts in international policy and the emergence of “techno-geopolitics.” The study also highlights the increasing significance of geospatial data in strategic decision-making. These technologies are being utilized not only for crisis prediction and management but also as tools for diplomacy and national security. The results show that the advent of an “algorithmic order” has far-reaching effects on cybersecurity, information warfare, and the evolving concept of power itself. The findings reveal that the expansion of AI and the exponential increase in data volume have profoundly reshaped power structures on a global scale, intensifying competition among nations. Significant investments in AI by leading countries have not only transformed policy directions but also fostered the emergence of a new realm known as “techno-geopolitics.” This concept captures how AI-driven technological advancements are redefining international relations and influencing power dynamics. Furthermore, the study underscores the rising importance of geospatial data in strategic decision-making. Countries are now leveraging these technologies to predict and manage crises more effectively, while also using them as pivotal tools for diplomacy and national security. This increased reliance on geospatial intelligence has empowered nations to assess threats and opportunities with greater precision, strengthening their positions in a highly interconnected world. The research also highlights that the rise of an “algorithmic order”—where algorithm-driven decisions play a central role—has introduced a new layer of complexity to cyber security, information warfare, and the very concept of power. AI algorithms are now instrumental in crafting strategies that encompass everything from defense mechanisms to foreign policy initiatives. These shifts suggest that the influence of AI extends far beyond traditional domains, ushering in an era where power is increasingly defined by technological prowess, data control, and the ability to navigate and shape digital landscapes. This transition reflects a paradigm shift in which power is no longer solely determined by physical or economic might, but by a nation’s capacity to harness data and technology in the service of strategic interests. Conclusion AI, as a defining feature of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and an emerging phenomenon, has significantly impacted the evolution of international power structures, especially through the expansion of cyber systems and the creation of new elements in data processing. Based on research findings, it can be said that in the era of “geo-data,” two key factors empower states to elevate their roles as new players on the international stage. First is the sheer volume of data, which now surpasses the capacity of conventional tools for effective processing, compelling nations to adopt innovative approaches in their global interactions. Second, the big data revolution and advances in data collection and analysis enable countries to apply cognitive biases, algorithmic analysis, and data-driven insights across micro, meso, and macro levels (national, regional, and international). This allows states to reframe behavioral models in foreign policy and adjust their strategic approaches in the international arena. In an era where decision-making is increasingly shifting toward algorithmic processes, AI provides countries with the capability to shape and adjust their roles in a fast-evolving global order. By analyzing data, forecasting events, and offering insights to policymakers, AI enables nations to enhance their power and adapt to dynamic shifts in global power dynamics, aligning their strategies with the needs of an interconnected world. The article concludes that in the age of AI and big data, structural changes in international relations are inevitable. Nations must develop technological capacities to adapt to these changes, with leading powers investing heavily to leverage AI’s potential. A new global order based on data and AI has emerged, introducing novel forms of diplomacy, power competition, and international security.
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