ارتباط زبان فارسی با زبان های سامی پیش از اسلام (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
زبان فارسی همان طور که بعد از اسلام با زبان عربی که یک زبان سامی است ارتباط داشته و دارد و الفاظ زیادی را با آن رد و بدل کرده است، پیش از اسلام هم با زبان های سامی دیگری که در بین النهرین رواج داشته اند، ارتباط و تبادل واژه ای داشته است، ولی چگونگی این مبادلات امروزه برای ما روشن نیست و تنها بعضی واژه های فارسی را مشاهده می کنیم که نوعی شباهت به الفاظ عربی دارند، ولی از زبان عربی وارد زبان فارسی نشده اند و بنابراین احتمال می دهیم که از زبان های سامی بین النهرین و پیش از اسلام وارد زبان فارسی شده باشند، ولی در زمینه نفوذ الفاظ فارسی آن زمان به زبان های سامی طرف مبادله آن تقریباً چیزی نمی دانیم.The Relationship of Persian to Semitic languages Before Islam
Persian language has had relationship to Semitics before and after Islam in exchanging words and expressions. After Islam, Persian language has been related to Arabic and this relation has continued until the present day. Before Islam, this relation existed in some Semitic languages and flourished in Mesopotamia such as Chaldean, Assyrian, Bobylon, Syriac, Aramaic. From Achaemenian period, there are some remaining inscriptions on stones, but these inscriptions are without any signs of the Semitics. The reason for this may be that the language of these inscriptions had been formal and royal and the writers intended to use pure Persian language. In the manuscripts and inscriptions which have been left of Parthian and Sassanid periods, there are about one thousand words that are considered to be Aramaic or Syriac and called Hozvaresh. This term has been, for the first time, mentioned by Ibn al-Nadim in his compilation Al-Fihrist. In dialogues and every day speeches, we are sure that many or some Semitic words were used, about their characteristics and qualities, however, we do not know anything authentically. In the present Persian language, there are some words that somehow resemble Arabic words, but they are not Arabic, such as " afsoos" meaning; alas, near Arabic "asaf" and "ostovar" meaning; "solid" near Arabic "rasi" and also "faravan”, meaning, plenty, near Arabic "mawfur" or "mutawaffir" . In this article, I have tried to prove that such kind of words in modern Persian language have Semitic roots and somehow entered Persian during the periods preceeding Islam.
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