Tourism and Hospitality Research (IJTHR)

Tourism in any society is influenced by complex and intertwined political, cultural, economic factors as well as geographical features that fascinate others. The main foundations of policy in this field go back to the historical, cultural, social and economic characteristics of each country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between politics and tourism in the Arvand Free Zone and has been done by descriptive-correlational research method. The statistical population of the study included tourists from Arvand Free Zone. The sample includes 384 tourists who were selected using random sampling method. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software and correlation coefficient and t-test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the development and expansion of tourism in the Arvand Free Zone is influenced by political decisions and national and local policymakers. There is a significant relationship between tourism policy and economic growth of Arvand Free Zone.

The fast development cycle of the metropolitan populace, the backwardness of public monetary development, the failure of certain frameworks and programs, and the thoughtlessness of the public associations for metropolitan administration to wasteful metropolitan areas have prompted the rise of wasteful areas and zones in Iranian urban communities. It is without a doubt exorbitant to rejuvenate back burnout surfaces, yet not as much as to fabricate another surface. All things considered, advancement is a terrific worth, however not for wiping out and disregarding the set of experiences, innovation, and idea of the city. In any case, the wasteful surface is an unopened hub in Iranian city life and yard, and ignoring it doesn't stay just in the equivalent burnout surface and mirrors its authority deformity in the whole metropolitan framework. The soul of an incorporated metropolitan recovery plan depends on the local area direction and its local investment of the individuals, and the advancement of the social and monetary strengthening level individuals living in the areas should be plainly characterized; thusly, the presence of an institutional contextualization and help plan and heightening the limits of neighborhood foundations non-administrative associations (NGOs) is crucial. The current article, by utilizing subjective examination technique and substance examination procedure, hypotheses, explanations, and global sanctions and dependent on the examinations performed through field insights, upstream reports and meeting with inhabitants have been explored that has eventually brought about clarifying the part of neighborhood improvement foundation in understanding the objectives of manageable metropolitan recovery with an incorporated methodology. Additionally, having clarified this relationship and in addressing the inquiry that "What will be the effect of social instruction on the cycle of local area situated metropolitan recovery?" the current hypotheses and encounters have been examined. The examination results show that if the way to deal with recover is local area situated, coordinated, extensive and vital, and is toward making society, limit building, standardization and instrumentation, and through schooling, illuminating, documentation, advancement, arranging and setting up the plan, it gives the fundamental setting to the acknowledgment of feasible recovery programs in the Rey Entryway neighborhood of Qom City with the greatest presence of individuals, at that point the incorporated recovery approach will be accomplished without anyone else.

In this article, the role and effects of elites in development with emphasis on the development of the tourism industry have been studied that in general, the role of human resources and the thought of political and scientific elites in using domestic and international capacities as a superior model compared to other factors can show their degree of importance on various aspects. The approach of the leaders and elites of countries in providing the grounds for political, educational, and economic growth has been analyzed based on factors related to development and also weaknesses and shortcomings in the lack of balanced stimulus to inclusive development, especially the development of industry have been pointed from a political-executive point of view. The descriptive and analytical method as well as the comparative model with maximum use of capacities and requirements to better understand the effective parameters in the subject and objectives of the research have been the method of this research. The results show that political elites have had positive and sometimes negative effects on the growth and development process, especially the development of the tourism industry.

Ecotourism is a tool for achieving the goals of sustainable development, because it offers similar solutions to current problems. Iran is one of the most attractive countries in the world, which is among the top countries in the world in terms of climatic diversity and archeological and civilizational monuments, but unfortunately, in terms of ecotourism attraction and income, it does not have a worthy position. With coherent and systematic planning, the country can be saved from economic stagnation and dependence on oil, and the ground can be prepared for more employment and preservation of national reserves and resources. At the same time, ecotourism has the highest efficiency and effectiveness in using natural and cultural capabilities, which, while using it efficiently and creating conditions for employment and income generation, has the least negative impact on the environment and is a suitable tool for its development. It is in developing countries. For Iran, given its potential and actual tourism potential, the development of this industry can be considered as one of the appropriate options, despite the recent years and efforts in five-year plans based on the country's 20-year vision. Good activities have been done in this field, which in comparison with the increasing growth of world tourism, these activities do not seem to be sufficient at all, and in this regard, the city of Paveh, despite the various natural and cultural capabilities to properly exploit the gifts. And the benefits of this industry require proper attention, planning and investment, and efficient management in this sector. This research was conducted by descriptive-analytical method using a questionnaire and statistical analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that the tourism infrastructure conditions of Paveh city can not lead to the development of tourism in Paveh city at present and should provide more infrastructure services to think about tourism development and economic conditions resulting from tourism development is not good and basic plans should be created in this regard to It is possible to achieve the economic development of the region before the development of tourism. Also, marketing conditions have been able to lead to the development of tourism in Paveh city on average, but more efforts should be made in the field of advertising and marketing.

In this study, we were in search for identification and leveling the dimensions of supply chain in the Iranian religious tourism industry. In terms of purpose, this research is applicable, and in terms of implementation method is descriptive survey of correlation type. The participant team consists of 30 experts and university professors who had been selected by the purposeful method and the snowball sampling. By relatively extensive studies in the field of supply chain, we extracted the most significant factors in the religious tourism industry. Then, fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the dimensions and parameters of supply chain in this industry. In the next step, the interpretive structural modeling was used for leveling the key factors. Data collections tools included interviews, documents and statistics, and questionnaires; the findings based on the data analysis showed ten main dimensions in the supply chain i.e. accommodation, transportation, visiting centers, reception centers,stores, environment and energy, travel agencies and tour operators, security and safety, economic management, information centers and communications that 3 dimensions reception centers,stores, and travel agencies and tour operators were in the first level; and 2 dimensions i.e. accommodation, and environment and energy were placed in second level; and visiting sites in third level; the economic management, information centers and communications in fourth level; accommodation in fifth level; finally the security and safety were put in sixth level.

The  tourism planning  and  management is a collective action in which different actors of governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions are involved. It is necessary to manage this phenomenon both during normal and crisis times. One of the most important actors in the field of tourism management is the government, which is responsible for facilitating and regulating this domain. But the phenomenon that has now negatively affected the tourism industry in Iran and the whole world is the Coronavirus crisis. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of government in managing the impact of this crisis on the tourism industry. And to identify the effective factors that the government can carry out to save the tourism industry during and after the Coronavirus crisis. The main question of this research is to investigate the extent to which the government can manage the consequences of the Coronavirus crisis on Iran's tourism industry. To this end, in a qualitative method, attempts have been made to answer the research questions via a semi-structured interview. A number of managers and employees (8 persons) of tourism-related institutions in Iran were interviewed. The results of the research show that the government must first have an accurate estimate of the amount of losses caused by the Coronavirus crisis in the field of tourism. And then, by identifying areas that are more or less damaged, consider tax exemptions for them. Also, providing cyberspace and its infrastructure for the prosperity of the tourism is another useful measure of the government to support the tourism industry in the face of the Coronavirus crisis.