Tourism and Hospitality Research (IJTHR)

Majority of Iran (about 90%) is situated in semi-arid, desert and semi-desert regions. The vast extent of dry areas in Iran necessitates a thorough consideration of the potentials of these areas in the field of ecotourism industry. Desert areas in Iran are full of tourist attractions, so that in addition to the natural attractions of deserts and salt deserts, it is possible to say that most cities or even some rural areas located in these regions have unique cultural monuments and historical and natural attractions. Dasht-e Kavir (Great Salt Desert) and Dasht-e-Lut (Lut Desert), the two largest salt deserts in central Iran, are considered as one of the richest ecotourism potentials in the Middle East. The spatial scope of this research includes sandy and salt desert tourism destinations such as Maranjab Desert located in northern Aran va Bidgol, city and Mesr village in the central district of Khur and Biabanak County, Isfahan Province. In this research, we tried to examine the hypotheses of this study by identifying the specific and unique potentials of these areas, based on the field study and collecting library documents and information, using observations, interviews with authorities and professionals in the field of tourism and referring to the relevant web sites. The analysis of data of this research indicates that the unique conditions of the studied areas in terms of natural, historical and sport attractions and so on are among the most important potentials for attracting domestic and foreign tourists. According to the findings of this study, the difference between the culture of tourists and local subcultures and also the lack of necessary facilities and infrastructure are among the problems facing the officials and tourists in these areas. Based on the interviews conducted with tourism officials and local trustees, the development of any tourism activity requires the existence of infrastructures such as roads, transportation, residential centers, health centers, security centers as well as religious and cultural infrastructures, so that the tourism activity in these areas can become as dynamic as possible.

Tourism industry is a suitable substitute for oil trade and is a proper ground for “resistant economy”. Tourism industry as one of the main economic activities has relationship with most of economic parts. Expansion of the domain and level of security in the society in all tourism fields and levels, has caused a safe and proper situation for developing tourism industry. Since, the tourism industry is very sensitive to the security of region while the domain and amount of their reaction according to security providing and security threatening components is more than other industries and individuals in the area. By contrast, the tourism industry contributes to the improvement of the community's security through the promotion of various economic, cultural, social and ... indicators, each of which affects the security of the community. The present paper seeks to focus on the relationship between two domains of tourism industry and security by conducting the necessary surveys to find out the relations between tourism industry and security which states hypothesis “Strengthening the security components of the organization and the development of tourism industry have a direct relationship with each other.” writer used analytical methods and proposes his own suggestions for improving the relationship between these two components.

Since tourism causes some positive occupational movements, produces lots of job opportunities and it could have a great amount of effect on the geographical aspect and on people’s lives and society, it is believed that, it is the third and the most dynamic industry in today’s life. The cities specially in developing societies a living place for human kind face with same limitations of source and financial, social condition, it is buffer to vary the non – cultural activities such as tourism . This can be a means to increase job opportunities, decrease poverty and welfare state and social security .This study has been done in one of the scopes of Fars province, Iran. It aimed to investigate what advantages& limitations of the tourism development in Marvdasht city. it also sought to find out how the tourism in this area can be developed .This research was on the basic of descriptive – analytic nature and does have some practical goals .Required data in this field was gathered by library – based method .This study aimed to investigate some strategies to develop the tourism in Marvdasht city and it was done by determining strengths , weaknesses , opportunities and threats by SWOT model .The results of the research revealed that inner elements and outer factors of final scores are located in the ST or competitive scope . The most significant strategies of this scope are: dynamic economics and safe job opportunities by optimum use of tourism capacity.

  The present research seeks to analyze the role of new information and communication technologies(ICT) in development of religious tourism of Iran.   Different approaches and models have been raised and then the approaches given by them have been used in addition to study of views of Tehrani citizens . The research method applied in this research was applied in terms of objective and quantitative in terms of data type , descriptive and correlative in terms of data collection.     The statistical population of the present research was Tehrani citizens and simple random sampling method was used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured and confirmed with the experts’ view and also Cronbach's alpha.  In the next stage, based on the conceptual research model, research questions and hypotheses,  the extracted items were tested in the research statistical sample  with a researcher made questionnaire.   In the descriptive statistics section, description of data was presented in two sections of demographic variables and main variables with indices of absolute frequency, relative frequency, mean, standard deviation, and variance in the table and in inferential statistics section, correlation tests and multivariate regression and path analysis test. 

The Main Objective of the Present Study was to Investigate Mechanism of Rural Tourism with emphasis on the Natural tourism in the village of Hyderabad in ilam County. The Present research was applied type based on the goal, in terms of the Nature it was quantity research and in terms of the method of Collecting data was a Survey research. The Population of this study Consisted of three groups of expert(N=40), Rural housholds (N=110) and Touirists. For Selecting Sample, in the Case of  the first groups the Census method eas used and for Tourists Population by using Simple Random Sampling method 100 people were Selected and altogrther 250 People were Studied. Main Instrument of gathering data was questionnaire that its Validity was Confirmed by Experts Panel of ilam universiry and Islamic azad University of ilam branch and Expets of Tourism. Cronbach alpha Coefficient was used to determine questionnaire reliability and its value was equal to ./96. For dara analysis, descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation was used. For analytical statistics, factor analysis was used. The Resuls of Factor analysis Showed that in Natural Dimention, Infrastructural- Cultural mechanisms with the percentage of (25/55) was the most important mechanism of Rural Tourism Development.

Climate builds not only a resource for tourism as a driver but can be a limitation. Climate is usually described by air temperature and rain conditions and sometimes by the sunshine duration at a location. Nevertheless, these parameters are less representative for the spatial and temporal climate variability of a region and do not cover all the components of climate. In this research, due to the impact of climatic factors in tourism planning, determining tourism climate index (TCI) is of great concern. In this project, to assess the tourism climatic conditions using bioclimatic index (Tourism Climate Index), data from 10 synoptic stations of Gilan in a 10-year period (2012-2003) was collected and incomplete data through linear regression was rebuilt. In this system model, 7 parameters, the average monthly rainfall, average temperature, average relative humidity, maximum temperature, minimum relative, the mean daily sunshine duration and wind speed were evaluated. The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions of tourism climate in Gilan province based on TCI tourism climate and using the techniques of geographic information systems (GIS), they have mapped out and prepared the map of TCI for all months of the year. The results of this study showed that the optimal conditions in the region in terms of tourism climate are in May and the most difficult month in terms of tourism climate is in November which was the lowest TCI. In terms of geographical coverage, the ideal climatic conditions are more dominant in the North West (including the cities of Talesh, Astara, Anzali, Kiashahr, Roudsar).