Tourism and Hospitality Research (IJTHR)

For Optimal utilization of infrastructure and inequality identify areas to develop tourism, it is essential to identify the areas of tourism infrastructure and rankings which can manage the tourists more effectively. Thus, the harmony between the number of tourists and tourism space capacity is essential. Although tourism has many advantages, but the arrival of tourists to a region or an area, regardless of the capacity and tension, will be followed by social disorder and economic problems, overcrowding, social identity, social resentment, damaging the environment, etc. So, in order to reduce and prevent the negative effects of tourism it must be programmed to determine the spatial distribution and organization of tourist areas. The present study will consider a series of selected indicators such as economic, social and cultural rights as effective factors in relation to development of tourism in the province. The information required for this study was gathered through distributing a questionnaire among the study population (sample of 90 members of the Tourism Authority (30), tourism (30) and the public (30). The results indicated that the monuments, diversity, exhibition, infrastructures for tourists, the way people deal with tourists, culture and tourism, and financial safety of tourists have significant effects on tourism is in the province.

Today tourism has become so important that it is regarded as the biggest industry and annually millions of tourists travel throughout the world with different motivations. Basically, it is necessary to have a clear picture of perceptions, expectations and requirements of visitors in order to stabilize the markets and provide the most effective goods and services. Tourism acts in a framework of certain spatial patterns. One of them is urban tourism. Urban areas are among the important tourism destinations due to their historical and cultural attractions. The cities have diversified attractions such as museums, historical architecture and places associated with prominent persons and important events which themselves attract many visitors. This approach points to generic characteristics of a place, such as natural beauty, climate, traditions, or social features. The second approach considers the spatial nature, capacity and being temporary of attractions in their segmentation. And the third approach encompasses the classification of attractions based on tourists’ perceptions and experiences

This paper aims to study host attitude to economic, social-cultural and environmental-physical impacts of second homes tourism in Javaherdeh mountain village in the city of Ramsar.Method of this study was Descriptive-survey. Population of the study was host attitude in Javaherdeh mountain village in the city of Ramsar on the number of 2987 households. Sample size through Morgan sampling table was calculated 340 households that head of households were randomly studied. Data investigated by exploratory factor analysis and Hypotheses were tested through T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis by using of SPSS 22.Findings indicate that the villagers have positive attitude towards economic and social- cultural consequences of the construction of second home and have negative attitude towards its cultural and environmental impacts. Also between women and men, there are significant differences in terms of assessing the social and economic consequences.The main limitation of this study is the lack of access to some households in during distribution of the questionnaires, which led to an increase in return to the villages, spending a long time and increase the cost of research for the researchers.Host attitude is positive to economic and social- cultural impacts of second home tourism on rural development, thus for developmental planning must be considered to the above factors. Several studies have been done on this issue in Iran. In this study, we tried all the effects investigate with comprehensive and systematic approach that is the same geographically attitude.

The purpose of this study was to re-identify the potential environmental and natural attractions that can affect the sport tourist attraction development from perspective of experts and pundits in Shahrud and determine the importance rate of each variable. This is a survey research analysis. At first, a list of environmental attractions and sport natural potential were prepared in the study area. Then, through using geographical information system (GIS) and land use map layers overlaying technique and also Transmittal, Shahrud city natural attractions were prepared for the first time. Information layers overlaying has been done by Arc GIS software edited version. In the following, through a questionnaire in the form of Likert, which its validity was approved by professors, and, its reliability was obtained (α = 0.95) by Cronbach alpha, were consulted. The statistical population of this research includes four different groups of tourism, environment and natural resources experts, university teachers, sport and exercise experts, managers and relative staffs of tourism travelling official tours. Statistical sample of (n=26) samples available of total population of (n=40) have been achieved. In this study, Factor analysis was used for analysis. Also, the results of internal and external factors collected in separate matrix implied that the total value of weakness and strengthen point was (M2.229); it indicates that the weakness points defeated the strengthen points; the total value of threats and opportunities was (M=2.253) which indicates that threats defeated the opportunities. Hence, the chosen strategies are defensive.

Social media act as a dominant digital channel of communication, and in recent years, the use of social media in the tourism industry has also become very common. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of social networks on oral advertisements of tourists regarding the role of feelings. This research is based on descriptive-survey method. The required information in this study is gathered through a questionnaire and a library and the statistical population of the tourists' research is in the Tajan River of Sari. The sample size is 383 subjects determined using Cochran's formula and Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.89. The results of the research show that the social networks are effective on the feelings of the tourists. Therefore, in general, recognizing the feelings of the tourists to the destination should be done according to their desire to carry out advertisements and provide services. In addition, it was found that oral advertisements have a significant effect on the feelings and increasing the resurgence of the tourists to the region. According to the findings of the research, the tourists still trust oral advertisements carried out in the city more than the advertisements provided from the social networks

The present study is an attempt to evaluate and analyze the socio-cultural impacts of tourism in Shahmirzad town from the perspective of its residents. This research is applied in terms of objectives and is considered to be a survey in terms of nature and methodology. In the present study, questionnaire is used as an instrument for data collection. The population of the study consisted of people aged above 18 years residing in Shahmirzad town. Simple random sampling was used to select 200 samples from the population. The hypothesis testing results showed that tourism is associated with both positive and negative Socio-cultural impacts in this town. The relationship between these variables turned out to be significant (p=99%). According to the respondents, the mean score of positive and negative social impacts of tourism as well as the mean score of positive and negative cultural impacts of tourism are about 27.17, 31.61 16.81, and 16.21 respectively. According to the results, the negative social impacts of tourism and the negative cultural impacts of tourism account for the highest and lowest average scores respectively. The results show that men, as compared to women, have more negative attitudes towards cultural impacts of tourism. The results also showed that there is a negative correlation between the education level of respondents and their negative attitudes towards cultural impacts of tourism. There was no significant relationship between respondents' age, income and their attitude towards positive and negative social impacts as well as the positive and negative cultural impacts of tourism.