مریم مقدمی

This study aims to investigate digital citizen science projects in Iran and the challenges in this field from the perspective of experts. The present study is exploratory with a content analysis approach. First, scientometric research was conducted in Scopus to assess the status of digital citizen science. Second, to identify the challenges of digital citizen science in Iran, experts were interviewed. Though the number of scientific publications in this field has been growing recently, Iran's share of the scientific output is quite small. A Review of qualitative data obtained from interviews showed that the main challenges in this field in Iran are: Funding, Government policy, Engagement, Time, Recognition, Data quality for citizen science, Volunteers for citizen science, Capacity and skills, and Communication. This research can be a guideline for experts in the field of digital citizen science. These technologies can also facilitate interactions and communication between professionals and non-professionals. Despite the spread of digital citizen science projects in European and American countries, the term is unfamiliar in Iran.

One of the most important issues for libraries in the age of digital transformation is digital content management from the perspective of resource digitization. The purpose of this article is to examine the challenges of implementing and implementing digital libraries in Iran and to provide solutions to solve it. In this study, using a review of the literature research, the challenges of building and launching digital libraries in Iran were investigated. Then, with using likert scale,the challenge ranked by experts in the field of digital library construction in Iran. These challenges were weighted using the AHP Analytic Hierarchy method. Finally, a framework was devised to solve them. Based on findings there are issues and challenges in the field of human force, copyright and legal issues, information security and protection, confusion in the organization of digital resources, lack of budget, difficulty in accessing digital library software, and its distance from global standards. To solve the challenges of building a digital library, it is necessary to pay attention to the following solutions: Holding training courses to get acquainted with the operation of digital devices, Fair or free use of works, Use of global data identification system, Set an adequate budget for digitizing resources, Creating constructive interactions between experts in the field of digital libraries inside and outside countries to transfer lessons learned globally.

Libraries have long been involved in content management due to their mission and task, but with the advent of the digital age, this content has changed from print to digital. Digital content management is related to storing, organizing, indexing and monitoring digital content used by an organization. Digital content can take many forms, including text files, documents, graphics, images, animations, and audio and video files. This book is a handbook consisting of 15 chapters in the field of research on digital content management and development in libraries, elaborating on various areas such as: Consortia, Digital Libraries, Digital Resource Management, EResources, Information Retrieval, Knowledge Management, Open Access, Repositories, RFID Technology. Even so, in this book, the research topics mentioned have not been studied in depth. In my opinion, considering the thematic importance of the book, it would be better to address newer research topics such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, digital twins, virtual reality, research data management, etc. It is suggested that a new collection consisting of the chapters of the proposed areas be compiled.

Based on Statista reports as of April 7, 2020, there have been 52,624 deaths in Europe due to COVID-19 since the first recorded European death in France on February 15. We compared two models to assess the outbreak of coronavirus in the UK, Spain and Belgium, their healthcare expenditure and the number of hospital beds as two indices of the healthcare system. Base and advance exponential smoothing models were used to forecast the total number of new cases and fatalities in the next 15 days for each of the evaluated countries, with an upper and lower banding. The models were fine-tuned with temporal granularity and an adjust seasonality set to seven days. Furthermore, the study assessed the healthcare capacity of these countries by looking at key metrics at a national level and tried to compare them in a relative term by drawing correlations between the total number of cases and fatalities. In addition, the current study compared the three countries according to the KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE and PRACTICE (KAP) system and found the associated similarities. Also, the gaps in KAP on WHO level was appraised. The KAP shortfalls at all levels of international, governmental, organizational and individual levels were recognized. The success of the implementation of any intervention in the prevention of coronavirus epidemics is highly dependent on KAP of people, organizations and governments. Finally, a multicomponent system at international level is proposed to tackle the future infectious pandemics.