هادی فرهادی

Purpose : Given the role of different organizational syndromes in the decline of school performance, the present study was conducted aimed to rank and compare organizational syndromes in Iranian schools according to the opinion of principals, deputies and teachers. Methodology : This study was applied in terms of the objective and quantitative in terms of the method. The study population included the principals, deputies and teachers in Isfahan and Yasuj in the academic year 2019-2020. The research sample according to Krejcie and Morgan Table was n = 375 who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and considering the volume ratio of cities. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of organizational syndromes in Iranian schools with 78 items. Its content validity was confirmed by experts, its construct validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. The data were by Friedman and independent t-tests using SPSS-25 software. Findings : The results showed that the organizational syndromes of narcissism, lack of communication, discrimination and politicking, group thinking, structural alienation, tension and distress, structural mastery, caution, pressure, terrorism, neglect, immobility, explosiveness, incompatibility, non-commitment, impulse and silence had a higher rank in Iranian schools. Other results showed no significant difference between organizational syndromes and teachers in Iranian schools according to the opinion of principals, deputies and teachers (P <0.05). Conclusion : According to the results of the present study and the negative role of syndromes in the decline of school performance, it is necessary to design and implement programs to reduce syndromes by improving intra- and extra-organizational relationships and activities in Iranian schools.

Background and Aim: mothering is one of the biggest challenges in women's lives that can affect their mental health. Awareness of the role of motherhood and acceptance of this role by women can help the health of mother and child. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the components of accepting the mother's role. the aim was to identify the components of accepting the role of mother for married women without children. Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative method and a library approach. The statistical population of the research was 75 books, articles and theses related to the topic of motherhood and the role of the mother in the years 2000 to 2022, from which 31 articles were selected in a targeted manner and the data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method of Brown and Clark (2006). Results: The findings were classified in the form of 25 organizing categories and 5 main categories including individual, family, social, cultural and economic components. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that identifying the components of accepting the role of mother can be the basis for adopting educational and support measures for women.