تأثیر روش های تأمین مالی مدیریت شهری بر حق بر شهر در کلانشهر تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه چالش تأمین مالی به یکی از مهم ترین معضلات شهرداری ها به خصوص در کلانشهر تهران بدل شده که بررسی کمیت و کیفیت تأثیر این مسئله بر حق بر شهر، هدف مقاله حاضر است. روش تحقیق به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و تکنیک تحلیل داده ها تحلیل محتوای جهت دار از نوعِ کیفی انتخاب شده است. داده های مورد نیاز تحقیق از طریق مصاحبه ی نیمه باز با 15 تصمیم ساز و تصمیم گیر حوزه شهری گردآوری شده است. در تحلیل داده ها، ابتدا جملات پُرتکرار مندرج در مصاحبه ها اِحصا و پس از آن متغیرها و مقوله های لازم جهت کُدگذاری، تعیین شدند. همچنین مبتنی بر مدل تحلیلی تحقیق که تشکیل شده از 10 مؤلفه در روش های تأمین مالی مدیریت شهری و 4 مؤلفه در حق بر شهر است، کُدگذاری متناظر با سؤال تحقیق صورت پذیرفت. پایاییِ کُدگذاری ها با بکارگیری روش پایایی مرکّب محاسبه شد که حاصل آن 0.82 بود. مبتنی بر این نتایج، اخذ بهای خدمات و درآمد مؤسسات انتفاعی شهری به عنوان بهترین روش و عوارض بر پروانه های ساختمانی به عنوان بدترین روش تأمین مالی به لحاظ تأثیر بر حق بر شهر تعیین شدند. در میان مؤلفه های حق بر شهر نیز، حق مشارکت در تصمیم گیری حاکمیتی دارای بالاترین اثرپذیری مثبت و حق مالکیت و دسترسی به فضا دارای بالاترین اثرپذیری منفی از روش های تأمین مالی است.The Impact of Urban Management Financing Methods on the Right to the City in Tehran Metropolis
If by the end of the 20th century a citizen was defined as a national of a country, today the citizen is referred to as an urbanite who corresponds to the concept of right to the city. This has made it increasingly important to determine the proportion of citizens' rights in the face of the city and urban issues in recent years. On the other hand, the challenge of financing the management of cities has become one of the main issues of the municipalities especially in Tehran that determination quantity and quality of its impact on the right to the city is the subject of this research. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and data analysis technique is qualitative directed content analysis. The required data were collected through 15 semi-open interviews with experts. In data analysis, the most frequently used concepts in interviews were extracted and then coded categories were identified. Then, based on the analytical research model consisting of 3 dimensions and 10 components in the variables of financing methods of urban management and 2 dimensions and 4 components in the right-to-city variable, the coding process corresponding to the research question was performed. The reliability of the coding was calculated using composite reliability technique with an output of 0.82. The results showed that the cost of services and income of urban for-profit organizations are the most favorable and the complications on building permits are the most undesirable methods of financing are the effect on the right to the city. Also among the right-to-city components, the right to participate in sovereign decision making take the most positive effect from urban management financing methods, and the right to ownership and access to space take the most negative effect from financing methods. In inferring from the results, it can be pointed out that the methods that are more transparent and follow the demands of the citizens, have become more desirable. Also, methods whose non-cash nature is superior to their cash nature are less desirable due to the non-transparent mechanism of their collection and absorption. It seems that the use of financing methods based on the transfer of capital assets is common due to their accessibility and alternative options due to the need for in-depth, accurate measurement, time-consuming cost-benefit analysis and in general Due to the need for reflection, more reflection and work to identify, test and use them are not considered. Meanwhile, the lack of proper oversight of municipal budget approvals by the relevant organizations has led to the institutionalization of unsustainable financing methods in this organization. From a legal point of view, the property of the people is inviolable and their property is so important that Article 51 of the Constitution makes the establishment of any kind of tax subject to the rule of law. Therefore, the acquisition of citizens' property in illegal ways and under the cover of public power and with the motive of managing the affairs of the city is prohibited.
تبلیغات
