تدبیر چارچوب مدیریت دانش برای سیاست گذاری یکپارچه در کلان شهر تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
توجیه ضرورت سیاست گذاری یکپارچه در شهرها، وجود عرصه های موضوعی سیاست گذاری و نیز سیاست گذاران چندگانه درگیر در برنامه ریزی و سیاست گذاری کلان شهری و تولید سیاست های غیریکپارچه و ناهماهنگ است. چنین سیاست هایی به عناصر و مسیرهایی غیریکپارچه و چندپاره، ناهماهنگ، متناقض و رقابتی می انجامند. منبعی مهم برای تنظیم سازوکارهای مناسب برای دستیابی به یکپارچگی و به پیامدهای مثبت آن، دانش و مدیریت دانش است، با این توجه که یک چالش اصلی سیاست گذاری کلان شهری نبود اطلاعات مناسب، کامل ، در دسترس و یکپارچه و وجود نامعلومی هایی است که سیستم مورد تصمیم گیری و سیاست گذاری را احاطه می کند. هدف این مقاله، ردیابی ابعاد یکپارچگی در سیاست گذاری کلان شهر تهران به منظور کمک به تدبیر چارچوبی انگاشتی برای تسهیل اثر مدیریت دانش در دستیابی به سیاست گذاری یکپارچه در برابر سیاست گذاری بخشی، پاره پاره و غیریکپارچه است و برای دستیابی به آن روشی با مسیر دوگانه توصیفی- تحلیلی با چگونگی یکپارچگی در سیاست گذاری و تحلیلی- تجویزی به منظور ارتقای یکپارچگی اطلاعات، دانش و سیاست گذاری، اختیار شده است. ارزش این مقاله کوشش در پرداختن به و به کارگیری هر دو انگاشت اصلی این مقاله، یعنی ""مدیریت دانش"" و ""سیاست گذاری یکپارچه"" و نیز اتصال این دو در برنامه ریزی کلان شهرهایی چون کلان شهر تهران که پیشینه ای چه پژوهشی و چه سیاست گذاری در این زمینه ندارند، است.Devising a Knowledge Management Framework for Integrated Policy-Making in Tehran
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Justification for integration of various metropolitan policies is the existence of varied and multiple policy-makers involved in metropolitan planning and policy-making, depicting the complex and insoluble problems of communication of information and knowledge: policy-makers stay uninformed of the aims, agendas, plans and policies of other decision/policy-makers. As a result the generated aims, decisions, policies and plans become disintegrated, contradictory and unreasonably rival and conflicting rather than progressing towards a co-ordinated and participating course of affairs. A vital source of devising any mechanism for achieving integration is knowledge-base and knowledge management. Correspondingly, a major challenge in metropolitan policy-making processes is the lack of accurate, available and integrated information base or a decision support system suitable to enable the integrated policy-making and the adoption of a <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">spatial<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> approach of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">metropolitan planning<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">. Tehran – as a metropolis – has a multiplicity of decision-makers, policy-makers or participants in its course of change indicating a diverse and incompatible set of aims and policies that retort to the individual, group and institutional inconsistencies which perpetually produces unresolved disintegration. To overcome incoordination and disintegration in Tehran, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">a changed context of policy-making<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> is<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">indispensable<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">. In the planning and management of Tehran <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">no record of research or policy-making explicitly related either to the knowledge management or to integrated policy-making can be traced and this is an area which this paper has intended to contend with. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Thispaperdiscussesthe importance ofshifting the emphasis from traditional urbanplanning to <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">spatial or multi-dimensional <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">metropolitan planning approaches and from using <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">formal information and expertise knowledge<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> toachanged methodological frameworkwithinwhich <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">change extends the traditional to spatial metropolitan planning approach by adopting the urbanknowledge systemsthat arein accordance withthe principlesof knowledge management and k<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">nowledge-based <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">policy<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">-making<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The purpose extends to <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">tracing the diverse - though related - dimensions and aspects of integration in policy making to devise a conceptual framework to facilitate integration and sharing of knowledge amongst concerned actors accompanied by an <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">integrated policy-making as against sectoral, fragmented and disintegrated policy-making stance<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">. A dual descriptive-analytic and analytic-prescriptive method has been adopted. First, subsequent to the basic descriptions, the level of consistency and sharing of information used in policy-making in Tehran is traced and analyzed. Second, a qualitative content analysis method is adapted to be applied in the analysis of integration from the standpoint of knowledge management in policy-making in Tehran. The analytic-prescriptive path devises a method and a framework to achieve the assumed aims in a way in which if adopted and the appropriate support systems are prepared, the knowledge, information and policy integration in Tehran would be realized. Through establishing such an integrated knowledge base framework for integrated policy-making, broad problems as depletion of resources and duplication of efforts would be overpowered, condensed or curtailed. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Linking <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-language: FA;">the dual concepts of knowledge management and integrated policy-making in the planning and policy-making processes of a metropolitan area such as Tehran.
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