بازشناسی و سطح بندی گستره های فضایی فقر در کلان شهر اهواز (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
همواره بافت های ناکارآمد، فرسوده و مشکل دار شهری نمود فضایی آشکاری از بزرگ ترین مصیبت بشری در حوزه نابرابری ها یعنی فقر بوده اند. بااین حال به رغم تمامی تلاش های صورت گرفته از سوی محققین و مدیران شهری برای ارتقای کیفیت زیستی در گستره های فقر، همچنان تحلیل فضایی ساختارهای فقر شهری در اغلب تحقیقات خاص مرتبط با این سکونتگاه ها تا حد زیادی به دورمانده است. با توجه به این ضرورت اساسی، هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر، بازشناسی و سطح بندی گستره های فضایی فقر در کلان شهر اهواز با محوریت پرداختن به همین ساختارها می باشد. مقاله حاضر به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت و روش، توصیفی. تحلیلی و پیمایشی است. بر پایه شاخص های قدیم و جدید بافت فرسوده و ناکارآمد، از طریق تکنیک پویش محیطی به تدوین مبانی تئوریک و قواعد پژوهش اقدام و 42 محله دارای بافت مشکل دار به عنوان گستره فضایی فقر شهری در کلان شهر اهواز شناسایی و سپس با لحاظ معیارهای چندگانه رتبه ساز در 5 گونه مختلف دسته بندی شدند. درنهایت گونه پنجم (بافت های فرسوده و ناکارآمد) شامل 11 محله به عنوان محلات هدف مطالعه، بازشناسی و سطح بندی شدند. اطلاعات موردنیاز از 49 شاخص عمومی فقر یا ساختار فقر شهری در ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، کالبدی و-زیست محیطی از طریق 457 نمونه حاصل از فرمول کوکران و جدول مورگان در قالب پرسشنامه جمع آوری شده است. داده های حاصل در نرم افزار SPSS به وسیله دو تکنیک Z-Score و SAR به صورت ترکیبی برای سطح بندی وضعیت عمومی فقر محلات هدف، تجزیه وتحلیل شدند. بر پایه مقایسه ترکیبی امتیازات دو مدل و رتبه بندی نهایی به دست آمده، محله عامری در سطح اول، صخیریه، علوی و حصیرآباد به طور مشترک در سطح دوم، عین دو، علی آباد، صیاحی، ملاشیه، منبع آب، کوی کارون و کوی آل صافی به ترتیب در سطوح سوم تا نهم از لحاظ وضعیت عمومی فقر بر اساس تحلیل فضایی ساختارهای فقر شهری قرار گرفتند.Reidentifying and Rating of Urban Poverty Areas in Ahvaz Metropolitan
Introduction The city is a manifestation of political economy and spatial reflection of the difference in socioeconomic characteristics that is manifested in the physical structure. One of the major challenges of urban management today is the issue of poverty, which is considered to be the greatest human tragedy. A closer look at the urban poverty challenge shows that poverty has a multifaceted nature and structure and therefore requires a proper analysis of the structures. The spatial extent of poverty includes the different forms, titles and causes of its formation in cities. Although areas of poverty have been addressed by local and global communities due to their adverse consequences, despite efforts to improve the quality of housing in areas of poverty, spatial analysis of urban poverty structures in addressing the issues of these areas has been neglected. Ahvaz metropolis is one of the cities that face problematic, worn, inefficient and heterogeneous spaces inside and on the outskirts. In this article, according to the necessity of spatial analysis of urban poverty structures, the target areas are to create an information layer and prepare the ground for the preparation and implementation of poverty alleviation programs and improving the quality of housing in the poverty areas of Ahvaz metropolis. The main question is about the general state of poverty and its structures in the dilapidated and dysfunctional contexts of the Ahvaz metropolis. Methodology The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of nature it uses descriptive-analytical and survey method. The typology of spatial areas of poverty in the metropolis of Ahvaz and the recognition of worn and dysfunctional tissues through operational translation and application of old and new criteria of worn and dysfunctional tissues, in the form of theoretical foundations led to the development of research rules. A total of 49 urban poverty structures were operationalized in the form of three components: social, economic and physical-environmental. To determine the sample size through Cochran's formula and Morgan table, 457 researcher-made questionnaires were considered. The sample size in each neighborhood was determined by the method of optimal allocation and the questionnaires were distributed in a systematic random method in 11 identified poverty zones of the target, for field perception of the general poverty situation among the heads of living households. The collected data after integration in each neighborhood were spatially analyzed in SPSS software by comparing the final results of Z-Score and SAR techniques for poverty zones. The zoning map of worn and inefficient tissues of Ahvaz metropolis and the bar chart of worn and inefficient tissues were drawn by ArcGIS10.8 and Excel software, respectively. Result and discussion Results show Identify area of poverty and spatial analysis of its urban poverty structures is effective at all scales and fields for planning and empowering the inhabitants of weak areas and preventing the consequences of poverty. 42 neighborhoods with inefficient texture in Ahvaz metropolitan were identified and classified as urban poverty domains in 5 deferment types. Finally, the fifth species of urban spatial poverty domains (urban worn-out and inefficient texture) including 11 neighborhoods between them were recognized as target areas. Public indicators of poverty or urban poverty structures in the form of three social, economic, physical- environmental factors through 457 in target areas show that Amere is in first place and Sekhereyeh, Koye Alavi and Hasir Abad jointly are in second place. Eain2, Aliabad, Sayahi, Malasheyeeh, Manba Abb, Koye Karoon and Koye Allesafi are in third to ninth place of final ranking of public situation of poverty based on spatial analysis of urban poverty structures. It seems that the issue of urban poverty areas of Ahvaz Metropolitan is a function of the growth trend of poverty in the whole country. Unemployment difficulties, limited use of Production capacities, weak economic bases and lack of deserving optimal allocation of resources, facilities and services in the city, has led to inconsistency of space in the neighborhoods of Ahvaz and the appearance of poverty zones. Conclusion In this article, since the geography perspective is the basis for social, economic, physical, environmental and so on development, and the complexity of issues of poverty zones, avoids from prescribing radical strategies and we believe the solution is appropriate measures for doing sustainable regeneration communities and each kind of poverty reduction programs and reform its poverty structures. Urban managers and Planners should refer to the approach of sustainable regeneration of neighborhoods with community-oriented, holistic, comprehensive, strategic and integrated features. As the largest surgery in worn-out and inefficient textures which causes injection and circulates of huge capitals and investment in the neighborhood and raise and improves the quality of life in them. At present, no complete action has been taken to regeneration in Ahvaz. Major Measures done including: Preparation comparative scheme, for Manba Abb and Koyekaron neighborhoods, which includes the construction of a retaining wall and solving some legal problems related to land ownership, to facilitate, the use of bank credit, securing, setting up facilitation offices, and defining the space, commercial and green, as well as forecasts for the relocation and resettlement of 811 households are resided in danger zones. To reduce urban poverty, we first need accurate knowledge, accurate measurement, documentary and realistic analysis. Such cognition requires the definition, invention, and application of appropriate indicators, indicators, and methods that are consistent with the existing realities of urban development. The application of these indicators should be done with the aim of promoting economic, social, physical-environmental and improving living conditions and individual and public security and help increase the authority and ability of citizens to achieve real development. "The priority of intervention and reconstruction in dilapidated and inefficient neighborhoods of Ahvaz metropolis is also with the neighborhoods that have the lowest ranks and have the worst general poverty situation in terms of study indicators."
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