شناسایی و تحلیل نقش صندوق های اعتباری خرد در پیشرفت و آبادانی روستاها، مطالعه موردی: شهرستان رزن و فامنین (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در طی سه دهه اخیر رویکرد اعتبارات خرد به عنوان رهیافتی کارآمد، با هدف دسترسی فقرای روستایی به منابع مالی در بسیاری از کشورهای درحال توسعه اجراشده و نتایج موفقیت آمیزی را به همراه داشته است. وجود سرمایه امکان بهره وری از محیط پیرامون را فراهم می کند و در نواحی روستایی می تواند توسعه پایدار را به همراه داشته باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل نقش صندوق های اعتباری خرد در پیشرفت و آبادانی روستاها انجام شد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران، 360 خانوار با نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد. برای سنجش روایی ابزار تحقیق (پرسشنامه) از نظرات متخصصین و برای سنجش پایایی از آلفای کرونباخ که در حد بسیار متناسب (94/0) بود استفاده شد. برای تحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی (میانگین، انحراف معیار) و به منظور تشخیص معنادار بودن روابط بین متغیرها از آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده گردید. نتایج حاصل از ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، نشان می دهد رابطه مثبت و معنی داری بین ابعاد اجتماعی، مشارکت، اقتصادی، بهره وری، اشتغال، آموزشی و فرهنگی با ایجاد صندوق وجود دارد که در این میان بعد اجتماعی با ضریب 617/0 و بعد مشارکت با 612/0 درصد بالاترین همبستگی را با ایجاد صندوق اعتباری خرد دارد. همچنین ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، نشان می دهد بعد اجتماعی و مشارکت به ترتیب با بتای 469/0 و 242/0 بر ایجاد صندوق اعتباری خرد در سطح خطای کمتر از 05/0 تأثیر مثبت و معنی داری دارد.Identify and analyze the role of micro-credit funds in Progress and development rurals(Case study: Razan and Famenin City)
Identify and analyze the role of micro-credit funds in Progress and development in Rural (Case study: Razan and Famenin City) Extended Introduction Lack of capital in rural areas Which due to the low level of income as a result of household savings is low as one of the challenges in rural development is considered . this situation in addition to possibility of increasing capacity of production sectors and use of new technologies in the production process in these areas has limited. It causes social problems such as Rural migration to cities, hidden and overt unemployment, and declining living standards and household welfare have also declined. One of the change factors in rural spaces .financial facility with different mechanisms and goals the rural environment has entered and rural life in various dimensions has affected .Micro credits as one of rights villagers and useful tool for planners . Which can background builder for balance and greater equality between urban and rural communities and iltimately stimulate national development . Credits as a powerful tool to help poor people to invest and breaking the cycle of poverty through Improve income and savings . Studies show granting microcredit to rural poor has been able to promote production and Provide tools for sustainable livelihoods and increase their income . Rural credit funds are among the financial and credit resources that in addition to creating, maintaining and strengthening the spirit of participation, cooperation and assistance among the villagers, They also play an important role in meeting the essential needs of members and meeting the financial and investment needs of production. This study to investigate the tendency of villagers to rural credit funds was conducted. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is identify and analyze the role of micro-credit funds in Progress and development of villages. Methodology This research is applied and in terms of method is descriptive-analytical. To collect information, two documentary and field methods (questionnaire tools) have been used . In the questionnaire method, the questionnaires are distributed in proportion to the number of households in the sample villages. According to 4609 households living in ten villages( Villages more than 200 households with younger crowd population ) Using the Cochran method )at error level of 0/5) 360 questionnaires were determined But because of the similarities that the villages have in terms of natural and human characteristics For example, 50 to 75 percent of household choices. Which modifying and homogenizing 250 questionnaires among the heads of households in the sample villages was completed .The Questionnaire has been compiled from several different sectors of economic, productivity, social, participation, employment, educational and cultural to measure the effective dimensions in creating micro-credit funds in the form of Likert scale. The Villagers were asked to answer five questions in the form of a five-part Likert scale from very low (1) to very high (5). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis) were used . The Questionnaire has been compiled from several different sectors of economic, productivity, social, participation, employment, educational and cultural to measure the effective dimensions in creating micro-credit funds in the form of Likert scale. The Villagers were asked to answer five questions in the form of a five-part Likert scale from very low (1) to very high (5). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis) were used . Results and discussion The results of analysis the questionnaires and output of Statistical tests used indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between education and the creation of micro-credit fund at the level of 95%. Salova (2013), Avenio-Vitor et al. (2012), Fawadi et al. (2011) in their research this result confirmed. Also, the results of Spearman test show that the most influential factor for creating a micro-credit fund is the dimension social and participation. These results with the results of Zarei and Mirbagheri (1392) and Mehr Ali Tabar (1395) . Which shows that among the five dimensions of rural development, the most impact of funds is on the social dimension of rural development Multiple regression results show social dimension and participation 43% of the changes explain the dimensions affecting the creation of a microcredit fund. These results with the findings of Shahrokhi Sardo et al(1395)., Mohammadi et al. (1397), Lee Gan and Ho (2011) and Lian and Bayer (2016) are consistent. Which shows that families with favorable conditions tend to benefit from the credit and participate in creating the fund Among the various of dimensions economic,productivity, Social ,participation and cultural, educationa ,social dimension with a coefficient 0.617 has the highest correlation for the creation of micro-credit funds . Conclusion Findings indicate that respondents' tendency towards financial and credit funds showed the relatively high tendency of villagers to such financial and credit funds. So that the majority of respondents to saving important and the need to establish a rural credit fund approved . Based on the above results, it is suggested that since the economic situation of the studied villages is at a low level, the villagers should be encouraged to create a fund and from these loans to create new businesses, as a partnership. According to the functional characteristics in the success of the fund, creativity and innovation should be developed as a basis for the growth and prosperity of the fund in the economic and social field and should be a priority in sustainable rural development programs. Finally, the government can any assistance to rural development in the form of credit implement . Key word: Micro Credit Fund , Development of villages , Razan , Famenin .
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