تجربه زیسته دختران حاشیه نشین از مفهوم «محرومیت»: مورد مطالعه منطقه حاشیه نشین دولت آباد-استان کرمانشاه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
رشد ناهمگون و نامتوازن شهرنشینی و به تبع آن گسترش پدیده حاشیه نشینی یک معضل اجتماعی است که ساکنان این مناطق را با محدودیت های متعدّدی مواجه کرده است. در این میان، دختران به عنوان بخش وسیعی از جامعه از این امر مستثنی نیستند؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر برای رسیدن به درک عمیق تر از تجربه زیسته دختران حاشیه نشین از محرومیت، به صورت کیفی و با تأکید بر رویکرد پدیدارشناسی (به روش کولایزی) انجام شده است. برای گردآوری داده ها با هجده نفر از دختران حاشیه نشین بالاتر از هجده سال، مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته و عمیق انجام شد. مشارکت کنندگان با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند ازمیان دخترهای محروم منطقه حاشیه نشین دولت آباد (استان کرمانشاه) انتخاب شدند. همچنین، با استفاده از نرم افزار Maxqda داده های پژوهش تحلیل شد و برمبنای فایل های متنی وارد شده به نرم افزار، مضامین اصلی و خرده مضامین استخراج شدند. بر این اساس، تجربه زیسته دختران حاشیه نشین از محرومیت، در دو مضمون اصلی«باور های محدودکننده فردی» و «فضای نامطلوب جامعه حاشیه نشین» و با تعداد نه مورد خرده مضمون، دسته بندی شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که زندگی در منطقه حومه شهر، دختران را با مسائل متعدّدی رو به رو می کند که این امر نه تنها از بسترهای آسیب پذیر اقتصادی و اجتماعی فضای حاشیه شهری، تاحدودی از طرح واره های ذهنی آنها نشئت می گیرد.The Lived Experience of Marginalized Girls from the Concept of "Deprivation" )Case Study :Dolatabad Marginal Area, Kermanshah Province)
Introduction Deprivation implies an unequal situation between the components of a society, a situation in which some citizens enjoy more facilities, privileges, and benefits than others. Members of a deprived group have a feeling of deprivation considering the ratio of their status to the status of other groups. The main reason for deprivation, which seems abnormal, is social changes and leaving a traditional static society and entering an industrial or industrialized society (Emam Jome Zadeh, 2011:49). Modernization, industrialization, and urban population in the world's major cities are growing; hence, due to more opportunities and facilities in urban areas, people migrate to cities and settle around them because of having low incomes. In fact, they create a rich island surrounded by a black belt of deprivation and misery in the name of marginalization (Bazzi et al., 2015:1). In the contemporary "urban society", these areas are low-density and dependent areas around the city center (Moos & Mendez, 2015). It can be said that these areas are characterized by such characteristics as poor social services, poor basic health facilities, insecure incomes, and unsustainable livelihoods (Binte Latif et al., 2016; Zulu et al., 2011). Experiencing and encountering the living conditions in suburbs bring more challenges to girls. These deprivations are not experienced only in the economic dimension. The frameworks and closed space of the social environment hinder the independence of girls' actions and lead to their isolation from the society in some cases. Therefore, this study, with an emphasis on the community of marginalized girls, tried to analyze their lived experiences of deprivation and achieve a deeper identification and understanding of their challenges in their living environment. Materials & Methods A qualitative method was used with an emphasis on phenomenological approach. The target population of the present study was the marginalized girls in "Dolatabad region" of Kermanshah Province. They were interviewed based on the purposive sampling method. The criteria for accepting the samples were being a native girl over 18 years old or a girl, who has lived in the suburbs for more than 10 years of her life, and interested in being interviewed. It should be noted that the duration of more than 10 years of living in the marginal environment had to be precisely determined for dealing with the issues. In this study, the researcher saturated the data by interviewing 18 people. Then, the data were collected based on these questions: What is your mental image of deprivation? How do you describe it? And what circumstances have affected your deprivation or been affected by it? The quotations containing important statements for expressing how the participants experienced the phenomenon were extracted, from among which the important topics were then extracted. The researcher conducted the interview process by taking into account ethical considerations, which took an average time of 45-60 minutes per interview. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The increase in marginal settlement and its aftermath and emergence of poor and vulnerable groups have created an unfavorable image in the urban context. This has created multiple deprivations for the residents of suburbs. Marginalized people are among the most deprived sections of the urban society and endure the bitter experience of deprivation more dramatically. The vulnerable, including girls in the suburbs, suffer more from these conditions. They are much more controlled and monitored due to the dominance of traditional networks and common intellectual forms. The deprivation of girls not only stems from the ideas of a limited format, but also from the construction of a suburban society. Widespread poverty has left them with constant doubts about their own futurism and progress because the filthy conditions of the suburban space lead to their withdrawal from social and cultural activities. In this study, according to the interviews conducted, the respondents considered the themes of "unfavorable economic conditions" and "conventional stereotypes" as the main roots of deprivation. In many cases, these factors were considered important in the formation of other areas of deprivation. The issue of deprivation and its consequences can be investigated by implementing useful programs and using social experts’ opinions, to offer appropriate solutions to it via online and offline social networks.
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