moral

Background: Identifying and enforcing the rulings and judgments on family lawsuits is so significant due to the relationship of many of them with public order and good domestic morality. Judges should regard factors such as the nationality of each of the litigants, their marital relationship, or their parental relationship in dealing with rulings in family litigation, in addition to applying a limited control system; this issue has been challenging in some cases; therefore, it is required to eliminate the ambiguity of the current laws and increase the judgeschr('39') level of awareness on how to deal with such rulings and judgments. Consequently, this study was conducted in order to examine the social and moral requisites of the legal system to enforce family lawsuits. Conclusion: Elements such as citizenship, marital residence, marital and parental relationship, and religion of the litigants play a significant role in identifying and enforcing family rulings in addition to the conditions specified in the Civil Code and laws related to the Civil Judgment Enforcement. Analyzes show that the legislature has caused significant ambiguities in this respect by delegating the enforcement of these rulings to the general enforcement of civil rulings, as well as the requirement for the judiciary to examine conflict resolution rules. Notwithstanding, the Family Protection Law of 2011, has examined only a very small dimension of the identification and implementation of these sentences only for the crime committed by the registrar without the presence of enforceable sentences.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to create a conceptual empirical model and develop a causal model that is able to explain overall performance of MS patients’ families and provide a scientific and empirical basis to Iranian culture to identify the psychological indexes of hardiness, hope, and resiliency, as well as the mediator role of moral foundations and spiritual experiences involved in family overall performances among patients’ spouses. For this purpose, using non-random sampling method, 220 subjects were selected out of all patients with MS and their spouses in two cities of Tehran and Karaj in 2014-2015. They completed the questionnaires of Family Assessment Device, Hardiness Scale (Kobasa, 1990), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Snyder Hope Scale, Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, and Moral Foundations Questionnaire (Hythe & Graham, 2007) personally and non- personally. In order to analyze the data, common methods of descriptive statistics, structural equations, path analysis, and multiple regression were used and the data were analyzed using the software packages of SPSS and LISREL. The results showed that hope was determined as the variable that predicts family overall performance with a good effect coefficient. The other important finding about the model was that the path from the mediator variable of spiritual experiences towards family overall performance was not direct, that is spiritual experience was effective on moral foundations and moral foundations in turn was the most effective path to family overall performance.

Background: The coaching styles are a powerful force that can affect the health of athletes and their view of sports. Aim : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Coaches' Behavioral Style (CBS) and Exercise Pleasure (EP) and Athletes' Moral Health (AMH). Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included all athletes in Neyriz city. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: CBS questionnaire of Chelladurai and Saleh (1980), EP questionnaire of Scanlan et al. (1993), and AMH questionnaire of Vallerand et al. (1996). Descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that although some of the components of AMH and CBS, such as negativism, were inverse, overall, there was a positive and significant relationship between CBS and AMH. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between AMH and EP. Conclusion: According to the results, CBS can affect AMH and EP. Therefore, sports coaches should choose their behavior style according to athletes' needs, however, based on their willingness in supportive and participatory styles