Optimal Model

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the present study was to provide an optimal model of organizational culture in educational organization of Khorasan Razavi. Methodology: To reach this purpose, a qualitative data research method or grounded theory had been used. Fifteen experts on the subject were interviewed in order to obtain the required data in this study. After conducting interviews, data analysis was performed using open coding, axis coding, and selective coding of Strauss and Corbin. Findings: After data analysis, the paradigm or optimal model of organizational culture for educational organization of Khorasan Razavi was extracted and obtained. This model had a causal condition, grounded conditions, interventional conditions, strategies and outcomes. Discussion: Based on the results of the present research, suggestied such as addressing the current and future needs of learners, changing on the basis of community changes, paying attention to the modern ability of individuals to recruit new forces, the use of active and modern methods of teaching and learning, earning income for schools, decentralization, clear and transparent performance criteria, and the involvement of stakeholders in decision making.

Purpose : The objective of the present study was to identify and explain the current status of evaluating physical education curriculum of the primary schools to present and validate an optimal model. Methodology : The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of nature and the data were collected using Delphi method (interview with experts). The statistical population of the study included 10 experts in the field of primary school physical education in Lorestan Province who were selected selectively by purposeful sampling. Using Delphi method, after conducting the interview to ensure the validity of the data and results, research data were collected. The data collection tool using Delphi method was interviews with experts in the field of physical education, those involved and executive planners in the field of curriculum planning of the General Directorate of Education of Lorestan Province. For data analysis, Smart PLS software was used to identify the variables. In addition to mean comparison of values and standard deviation, Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance by SPSS software was used to determine the degree of consensus among panel members. Findings : The study results showed that 9 important elements of evaluating the physical education curriculum from the perspective of experts included objective, content, learning references, learning activities, implementation method, evaluation method, grouping, time and space. The model obtained from Delphi analysis and the view of experts is also presented. Conclusion : Evaluation makes it possible to improve curricula. Therefore, in the definition of curriculum evaluation, there is an orderly search for judging and agreeing on the value of a curriculum, in order to improve it to reduce the gap between current and optimal results. The study results can help physical education planners and teachers improve the physical education curriculum.

INTRODUCTION: Behavioural patterns of the people can affect the emergency evacuation procedure. The most important issue of crisis management is to evacuate the people from the accident site in the shortest time and with the maximum speed. Pilgrimage destinations attract many pilgrims on religious occasions, and this has highlighted the importance of addressing this issue in these centers. This study aimed to explain and propose an evacuation exit plan for pilgrims during accidents in the most important and prominent religious center of Iran (Shrine of Imam Reza). METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed using an applied research method. The document-library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population includes the managers of the Shrine complex, experts of the crisis management headquarters, consulting engineers in architecture and urban planning, as well as managers and experts in Mashhad Municipality. The sample size was estimated to be 384 cases based on Cochran's formula. The collected data via questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software using structural equation modelling. FINDINGS: According to the results, the presented model includes seven variables (group movement, individual movement, incident management technology tools, perception of the physical environment, physical movement, modelling, and behavioral culture) affecting the pilgrims leaving the incident site in the Shrine of Imam Reza. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the presented model with 7 variables and 21 parameters can be used as a suitable model in other places.