Journal of Rescue and Relief (امداد و نجات)

INTRODUCTION: Iran, especially the Sistan-Baluchestan province, is one of the countries with the highest rates of accidents and traffic-related deaths. The present study aimed to evaluate traffic accidents referred to hospitals and the Forensic Medicine Department in Nikshahr in Sistan-Baluchestan province, Iran, during 2014-2018. METHODS: In this retrospective descriptive and analytical study, the statistical population included traffic accidents referred to hospitals and the Department of Forensic Medicine in Nikshahr. The data related to the variables of age, gender, location of the accident (inside or outside urban areas, rural roads), condition of the injured, severity of the injury, and the time of the accident were collected using a checklist. After determining the descriptive statistical indicators, the incidents were analyzed using chi-square and correlation tests. FINDINGS: During the study years in Nikshahr, a total of 3,669 people were involved in road accidents, out of whom 339 cases lost their lives. The highest rate of accidents (36%; n=1321) was in the age group of 19-29 years. Regarding education, 3, 260 (88.8%) crash victims were illiterate and without a university degree, while 409 (11.15%) cases had academic education. It was also detected that 1,879 (51.2%) accident victims were motorcycle riders with reported fractures, severe injuries, head injuries, and death. CONCLUSION: The results of the current pointed to the high rate of traffic-related deaths in Nikshahr, especially in summer. Therefore, prevention management is necessary to reduce traffic accidents and fatalities.

INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to provide a dynamic model of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in crisis management non-governmental organizations with a social approach (experimental evidence: Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran). METHODS: This applied research was conducted using a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) method to analyze the data. The statistical population consisted of university professors as well as the managers and experts of the Iranian Red Crescent Society, who were selected by the snowball sampling method. The total number of experts in the Iranian Red Crescent Society and in the academic community accounted for 10 individuals (n=5 each), and the sampling continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The required information was collected through observation, in-depth and semi-in-depth interviews, review of documents, and experts' opinions; finally, by using the exploratory factor analytical statistical method, appropriate measurement tools were prepared. In this research, the Delphi technique and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-based Analytic Network Process were employed to determine and prioritize criteria and sub-criteria. For this purpose, the pairwise comparison matrix was used to determine the weight of the criteria. FINDINGS: In this study, helping behaviors, individual initiatives, organizational obedience, organizational loyalty, chivalry, civic virtue, and personal development were among the dimensions of OCB in descending order. CONCLUSION: The results of this research showed that the consequences of OCB included an increase in performance productivity and effectiveness, the promotion of positive relations between employees, more efficiency in allocating resources, reduction in maintenance costs, the provision of necessary flexibility for innovation, improvement of customer service, and effective use of scarce resources.

INTRODUCTION: The frequency of natural disasters is high in Iran due to its special climatic and geophysical conditions. However, the provision of better services to trauma victims requires further research. Decisions on emergency accommodation and meeting the needs of the victims are often made in conditions of uncertainty, and the lack of appropriate studies leads to the provision of low-quality and intermittent services. METHODS: This applied and descriptive-analytical study was conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of relief tents using documentary and library resources, observation, and interviews with officials and experts, and the effective standards for the construction system of emergency accommodation. The thermal comfort of the victims was then investigated using the guidelines of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), interviews with the victims, and field tests. Moreover, solutions are introduced for the improvement and optimization of relief tents, and a new building system is introduced for the emergency accommodation of victims in incidents by removing the disadvantages of the systems previously used in emergency accommodation. FINDINGS: According to the observations and investigations, the previously used emergency shelters do not meet the needs of the accident survivors properly and their design does not correspond to the users’ culture and needs. The problems with the current accommodating methods include lack of privacy, lack of protection against disturbing cold and heat, and inappropriate and non-standard dimensions of the existing tents. Solutions have been presented to solve the existing problems and a new system for emergency accommodation has been introduced based on field observations and interviews with experts. CONCLUSION: It is noteworthy that the votes of 22 percent of people are in the range of slightly warm to slightly cold; which shows that these people are satisfied with their accommodation regarding thermal comfort. 78 percent of the people's votes were outside the satisfaction range. Due to the chambered structure of the tent, direct sunlight in the summer, the lack of proper air exchange, the weakness of the structural components of the tent and the lack of heat retention in the winter, proper mechanical systems should be used to provide thermal comfort, which is not feasible in practice due to the extent of the incidents and large amounts of equipment and resources needed which bolds the importance of the proposed construction system.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to investigate communication, information exchange, cooperation, and trust networks in Iran's Humanitarian Supply Chain at both inter-organizational and interpersonal levels. METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive survey design. The statistical population of this research included the organizations and people involved in relief operations performed in three recent disasters: the fire-induced collapse of the Plasco building, Shahran gas explosion, and the flash flood in the Tehran subway. In order to analyze networks, a questionnaire containing network analysis questions was designed. Upon the completion of the questionnaires, the data of each network were entered systematically into a matrix on an excel spreadsheet. Such indexes as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, intersection points, isolation points, and network density were calculated by Ucinet and NetDraw software packages; therefore, the networks were analyzed. FINDINGS: Based on the results obtained from the analysis of communication, information exchange, and cooperation networks, the network density was 21%, indicating a low level of organizational relationship. At this level of communication, information exchange and cooperation were obtained at 11.5% and 16.5%, respectively. The analysis of the trust network also illustrated that the density of this network was 26.6%, suggesting that out of 21% of connections, there was about a quarter of possible trust. This is suggestive of low levels of inter-organizational Trust. CONCLUSION: Building trust in Iran's humanitarian service supply chain can be very effective in the acceleration of service supply, organization, and success of relief operations

INTRODUCTION: The Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most effective service-oriented organizations in the country which has a high potential for trust building and role modelling. Using human resources with a humanitarian approach and identification of causal, contextual, and intervening factors that lead to building trust contribute to the excellence of this popular institution. Therefore, this study aimed to present a model of organizational trust based on the assumptions of human resources in service-oriented organizations, particularly The Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, using the meta-synthesis approach. METHODS: This is a qualitative cross-sectional study, in which 1,269 relevant articles published between 2010 and 2022 were collected from the Web of Science database. A total of 85 articles were selected and used, as the basis for the data extraction, to determine trust building based on the assumptions of human resources theories in the interpretive paradigm. FINDINGS: Trust building in the Red Crescent Society is one of its essential elements due to the impact of environmental and human variables. Therefore, this study identified causal conditions (organizational factors, job, employees), background conditions (culture, ethics, religion, individual, organization, intervening conditions (managerial, occupational, and psychological), strategies (new leadership, transparency, Quantum management, talent management), and the outcomes (including organizational citizenship behaviour, social responsibility, organizational spirituality), which included a total of 28 common features and 152 components. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, trust-building management methods in the Red Crescent Society include open communication, brainstorming, collaborative management, a supportive atmosphere, and effective strategies in the functional dimensions of the Red Crescent Society, including new leadership, behavioural assumptions of managers, as well as decision-making in terms of content, time, model, cognition, and approaches of transformative leadership, ethical and pure leadership, positive and servant leadership, and distributed and intellectual leadership.

INTRODUCTION: Behavioural patterns of the people can affect the emergency evacuation procedure. The most important issue of crisis management is to evacuate the people from the accident site in the shortest time and with the maximum speed. Pilgrimage destinations attract many pilgrims on religious occasions, and this has highlighted the importance of addressing this issue in these centers. This study aimed to explain and propose an evacuation exit plan for pilgrims during accidents in the most important and prominent religious center of Iran (Shrine of Imam Reza). METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed using an applied research method. The document-library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population includes the managers of the Shrine complex, experts of the crisis management headquarters, consulting engineers in architecture and urban planning, as well as managers and experts in Mashhad Municipality. The sample size was estimated to be 384 cases based on Cochran's formula. The collected data via questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software using structural equation modelling. FINDINGS: According to the results, the presented model includes seven variables (group movement, individual movement, incident management technology tools, perception of the physical environment, physical movement, modelling, and behavioral culture) affecting the pilgrims leaving the incident site in the Shrine of Imam Reza. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the presented model with 7 variables and 21 parameters can be used as a suitable model in other places.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the influential factors and the consequences of managers’ growth in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: This is a practical quantitative and qualitative study. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the study included experts and specialists (n=20) working in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a non-random sampling method and interviews. The quantitative part of the study included 257 employees working in the Red Crescent Society of Tehran, of whom 152 were selected using a random cluster sampling method. FINDINGS: According to the results, seven factors were recognized as the requirements for designing the maturity model of the managers of the Red Crescent Society in Tehran. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results in this study, organizational factors were considered causal conditions, which consisted of seven components (managerial, structural, organizational culture, organizational training, organizational justice, organizational sociability of managers, and psychological contracts of managers with the organization). Moreover, five effective dimensions of managers’ growth led to employees’ participation, employees’ commitment, the organization’s productivity, the organization’s performance, and the manager’s self-efficacy.

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