immigration

This study on Indians in the Baharestan neighbourhood of Tehran investigates the nature of their social integration, and the factors which affect it. By considering integration as a two-way process, this research aims to contribute to the literature on integration, through the discovery of the status of foreign immigrants in a developing country with particular cultural, social, and religious regulations and norms. Based on semi-structured interviews with Iranian and Indian residents in the Baharestan neighbourhood, the study shows that these two groups live in Baharestan without tension. Using the theory of integration proposed by Bakker et al. (2014) as a “two-way” process, we argue in this study that the approaches taken by the two groups of Iranian and Indian residents have largely led to their social integration. The Indian minorities have preserved their own culture and adopted part of the host culture in order to respect the host community; likewise, the host community has accepted immigrant groups with an understanding of cultural differences, and this mutual respect has led to neighbourhood harmony. However, despite the willingness of both groups to expand their social interaction, this is difficult due to restrictions imposed on minorities, and insufficient public space.

L’univers leclézien est un univers de voyage mouvementé et dynamique. Il s’agit du mouvement des hommes et des populations entières vers les grands pôles démographiques mondiaux souvent anonymes. Le voyage est la clé fondamentale de cette mutation. Abandonnés à eux-mêmes dans l’embarras de leur vie, les pourchassés des guerres coloniales, les immigrés démunis, les gitanes ou les nomades du désert se rallient aux flux qui les emmènent vers les grandes villes utopiques. Se présentant sous de multiples aspects d’un phénomène globale -l’immigration-, ce processus de voyage individuel ou de groupe, vers l’infini implique peu ou prou l’ensemble de l’écoumène, Ce changement d’échelle et cette « fracture » brutale dans la conception de l’espace et du mode de vie ne restent pas sans effets ni chez l’immigré, ni sur l’environnement qui l’entoure. Des pauses introspectives éclairent minutieusement d’une façon analytique les deux bouts du mouvement migratoire : Terre de départ et terre d’accueil. Dans les deux cas ce "malaise de l'espace", qui engendre la recherche d'un espace sublimé, devient le moteur des aventures du héros. L’art de Le Clézio réside en particulier dans la peinture de ces effets dont nous allons décliner les aspects problématiques avec une grille d’analyse anthropologique.

The rise of the far right is one of the significant challenges facing European countries;  the growing Eurosceptic and nativist attitudes in Central Europe have resulted in transforming regional alliances according to anti-immigration concerns. Despite the fact that the Visegrád 4 group, (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia), was founded in the early 1990s with the aim of detaching itself from the legacy of communism and pushing towards the Western liberal democracy, it has recently become a base to oppose EU and promote nativism and illiberal democracy. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, this paper reviews the rise of nativism and Euroscepticism with a historical perspective, through an examination of the political geography of Central Europe. Findings reveal that the influxes of refugees to Europe and increasing xenophobia, along with cultural concerns, specially about Muslims, have been the driving force behind the growth of the far-right parties. Additionally, the geopolitical situation of these countries and the external borders of the European Union have an important role in turning the refugee crisis into a driving factor of Euroscepticism.

La question de l’acculturation est cruciale en toute étude de la littérature de l’immigration, parce que les immigrants affrontent de différentes situations dans un pays étranger. Malgré l’intérêt que les chercheurs portent depuis longtemps à l’examen de ce sujet, celui-ci n’a été que rarement l’objet d’une étude méthodique. C’est pour combler ce manque que Declan Barry, le psychologue américain propose sa théorie d’acculturation en la divisant en quatre groupes ; « intégration », « similarité », « séparation » et « marginalisation ». Ce modelé nous permet d’analyser de près les situations d’acculturation des immigrés. Nous avons décidé d’examiner ces notions ci-dessus à travers le roman autobiographique de Maryam Madjidi, Marx et la poupée, le prix Goncourt du premier roman 2017, où l’écrivaine, à travers le regard d’une petite fille raconte les douleurs de l’exil et dépeint ses états mentaux survenus à cause de l’immigration. En analysant chaque notion proposée par Declan Barry dans ce roman, nous allons répondre aux questions principales à propos des immigrés ; comment les immigrés s’adaptent à la nouvelle société ? Quels éléments ont l’effet d’aggraver ou d’améliorer le phénomène de l’acculturation ? Nous allons également nous pencher sur les éléments effectués sur le parcours de la migration. A la fin, nous examinerons laquelle de ces notions demeure encore dans l’attitude de Maryam Madjidi entant que personnage principal du roman.

Cities are considered the most important social, economic, political and cultural activities. The study of the growth of urbanization shows that the growth of the urban population is increasing rapidly and the cities are facing a high rate of population growth and have not yet been able to control the problems caused by this growth. Today, the phenomenon of immigration is considered as one of the most important and complex problems of third world countries. It is obvious that our country is not far from these issues as the investigation of various studies shows; The issue of migration, especially migration from the village to the city and sustainable rural development, has been widely studied, but the immigration acceptability of villages and its relationship with sustainability issues, especially social sustainability, has been less of a focus of researchers. Regarding the city of Mahabad, it should be said that the development of this city in the past years was mostly due to the migration of villagers to the city and also the natural growth of the population. The issue of this article is the sustainable economic and social development of Mahabad city and its impact on the migration of subordinate villagers.

Purpose- Rural elites, as the most important human capitals of rural communities, are a distinct and progressive stratum in various dimensions of development, and their persistence in villages can be effective in accelerating the process of rural development. Nonetheless, studies show that due to various reasons, elites are less persistent in villages and often migrate to cities. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the causes of elites' migration and how to attract the elites’ participation in the process of rural development in Kurdistan province.Design/Method/Approach- This study was conducted in the framework of interpretative-constructive paradigm and the research method is thematic analysis. In-depth individual semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data.Findings- The results showed two overarching themes namely rural repulsion (including six organizing themes: family and social determinism, weak infrastructure, geographical isolation, environmental challenges, weak economic conditions and weak local and regional management) and urban attraction (including four organizing themes: personal improvement, economic opportunities, social opportunities, and the use of infrastructures and facilities) are the most important causes of rural elites’ migration. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the elites’ participation in rural development could be possible through three overarching themes namely empowering villagers (including four organizing themes: capacity assessment, skill training, strengthening vitality, raising the level of villagers' demands), developing employment and entrepreneurship (including two organizing themes: promoting innovation and economic investment) and efficient rural management (including two organizing themes: managing social challenges and occupying managerial positions).Originality/value- The rural elites’ migration is accompanied by many negative consequences for rural communities. Nevertheless, there is a gap in studies regarding its causes and especially how to attract their participation in the process of rural development. The present study can be a basis for future researches in this field.

In the immigration studies, the diasporic female experiences are not indicatively considered as the prevailing experiences of immigrant men who are claimed to stand for all immigrants. Thus, it is challenging to examine female migration experiences and the consequences that are ignored. This article explores the ignored parts of female migration experiences as subalterns and focuses on the process of assimilation in the host country following theories of Gayatri Spivak’s post-colonialism. In the age of migration the female characters of the former colonies are being culturally hybridized when they get in touch with the Western factors. That hybridity and their ambivalent attitude between the cultures, they are becoming the mimic women that has not only affected them and led them to identity crisis but also contributed to the dangling of them between cultures lost and confused. This article will carefully examine the consequences of assimilation of the female character, Mumtaz, in Mohsin Hamid’s Moth Smoke in the hybridized atmosphere. Moth Smoke is the debut novel by British Pakistani novelist, Mohsin Hamid, which provides the context for the clash of cultures in its portrait of a country violently divided against itself. Sometimes, assimilation with host cultures are to the extent that the female immigrant becomes baffled and confounded. With shattered identity, she is neither a modern Westernized woman nor an Eastern glorified mother and wife.

The migration of Indians to various destinations during the past few decades has led to the emergence of a group of writers known as Asian-American authors in literature. These writers, including immigrant women from India spanning the first and second generations, have crafted a substantial collection of short fiction. Jhumpa Lahiri, a Bengali-Indian writer, explores themes of identity, belonging, displacement, and the challenges of straddling different cultural attitudes in Interpreter of Maladies . This article adopts a theoretical approach and utilizes the library research method, drawing on the insights of scholars such as Stuart Hall and Michael Ryan, to explore cultural displacement, identity, and the experiences of immigrants in a new multicultural environment. The central focus is to know how Lahiri addresses displacement and immigration through trans-cultural discourses while challenging cultural diversities in Interpreter of Maladies . By employing such a trans-cultural discourse, this study aims to analyze how Lahiri portrays the complexities of cultural differences, and identity formation in the context of immigration. The narratives in Interpreter of Maladies offer a rich tapestry of characters navigating the challenges of living between cultures, shedding light on the profound impact of displacement on individuals and families. By closely examining Lahiri’s storytelling techniques and character development, this article aims to illuminate how the author captures the nuances of trans-cultural experiences and the facts that ultimately put their impact on the formation of immigrants’ new identities in unfamiliar territories.