Small and medium enterprises

This study aims to explain and elaborate a new model for the business environmental hostility in small and medium enterprises in the science and technology park in Kermanshah (Iran). The research method is a mixed method. Content analysis was used in the qualitative part, and a confirmatory factor analysis was used in the quantitative section. In the qualitative section for the environmental hostility dimension of the environmental turbulence, two components of competitive turbulence and regulatory turbulence, as well as seven sub-components were identified and validated. As a consequence, the conceptual model was extracted. This study proposed a conceptual model of business environmental hostility and the researcher-made questionnaire of environmental hostility confirmed with high validity and reliability. The model was verified based on the small and medium-sized enterprises in Kermanshah (Iran), and it is suggested that this new environmental hostility model can be used in practice to improve managing the small and medium-sized enterprises.

Today, all organizations must shift their business orientation to be able to understand and meet customers' needs faster than their rivals and pioneering them, in a highly competitive environment. In this area, the entrepreneurial orientation, internationalization and competitive strategies by understanding customer demands and focusing on business benefits, can Guarantee the performance improvement and the survival of these organizations. Therefore, the present study seeks to assess the impact of international entrepreneurship orientation on the international performance of small and medium enterprises, considering the mediator role of competitive strategy and international marketing orientation. In this research, descriptive-survey method has been used. A questionnaire consisting of 65 items was used to collect data. The statistical population of this study was all managers and employees of small and medium enterprises in Bushehr Province. Sampling method is simple random sampling method. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling with partial squares approach was used with the help of Smart PLS3 software. The results of this research show that the international entrepreneurship orientation has a positive and significant effect on the international performance of small and medium enterprises. The results also confirm the mediator role of the competitive strategy and the international market orientation in the relationship between the international entrepreneurial orientation and the international performance of small and medium enterprises.

This article aims to provide a model to explain the role of green human resource management in the resilience economy of small and medium-sized companies. The method of this research is a developmental-applied type of mixed research (qualitative-quantitative), which was used in the qualitative part of the Foundation (emerging) data method to identify components and indicators, and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population in the qualitative part included experts (university faculty members) in the fields of human resource management, environment, and economics, after 28 interviews, the research reached theoretical saturation, and in a small part of the Cochran formula, there were 229 employees of the company. Industrial companies of Eshtehard town were selected. In the qualitative section, 13 codes were identified in process factors, 14 codes in prefixes, and 10 codes in suffixes. For the resistance economy, a researcher-made questionnaire with 31 indicators was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the CVR method. Cronbach's alpha of the green human resources management questionnaire was equal to 0.761 and the resistance economy questionnaire was equal to 0.870. Two types of internal and external validity were used to validate the model. The results of the analysis of factor loadings of research components showed that there is a positive and significant linear relationship between each dimension of green human resource management. The results of the research model, it showed that among the identified factors, the antecedent dimension with a coefficient of 0.819, process factors with a coefficient of 0.797 and suffixes with a coefficient of 0.713, and finally, the coefficient of the impact of green human resources management on the resistance economy was obtained as 0.914, which shows the impact of 91 A percentage of aspects of green human resource management had resistance on the economy.