Environmental Hostility Model

This study aims to explain and elaborate a new model for the business environmental hostility in small and medium enterprises in the science and technology park in Kermanshah (Iran). The research method is a mixed method. Content analysis was used in the qualitative part, and a confirmatory factor analysis was used in the quantitative section. In the qualitative section for the environmental hostility dimension of the environmental turbulence, two components of competitive turbulence and regulatory turbulence, as well as seven sub-components were identified and validated. As a consequence, the conceptual model was extracted. This study proposed a conceptual model of business environmental hostility and the researcher-made questionnaire of environmental hostility confirmed with high validity and reliability. The model was verified based on the small and medium-sized enterprises in Kermanshah (Iran), and it is suggested that this new environmental hostility model can be used in practice to improve managing the small and medium-sized enterprises.