Resistance economy

Iran’s ‘resistance economy’ is sometimes presented as defensive strategy. Despite Washington’s ‘New Middle East’ wars and the rapid evaporation of expected benefits from the long JCPOA (nuclear deal) process, a certain illusion remains that a general ‘normalisation’ with the outside powers might still bring economic benefits to the country. Nevertheless, it remains true that, while Iran is a large country, pure self-sufficiency would impose physical limits. Therefore, the question that one may ask is what are the better economic opportunities for the nation’s economic growth? By engaging with the globalist and new regionalism debates, making parallels between Latin American and West Asianintegration, and presenting examples from Iran’s previous experiences, this paper argues that the answer to the above-mentioned question lies in a resistance economy, which builds an economically integrated regional bloc. The article begins by demonstrating the false promises of global economic liberalism, and then locates Iran’s resistance economy principles in the context of the ‘new regionalism’ debates. This forms the basis for discussing the economic potential of West Asian integration. This research is an interpretive study, testing the economic liberal project with evidence, and then comparing it with contemporary regional initiatives.

The resistance economy is a smart move to identify the areas of pressure and subsequently try to control and neutralize the effects, which requires the coordination, stability of action, and facilitation of movement toward the desired situation by turning such pressure into opportunities. In this study the statistical population entails of 500 senior and mid-ranked managers and senior experts of the Central Headquarters of Sepah Bank. The sample population was identified 218 using the Cochran\'s formula. Field measurement was performed using a questionnaire and its validity was confirmed using formal validity and reliability with Cronbach\'s alpha (0.73). Structural equations were used to analyze the hypotheses. Based on the research model, the two main hypotheses and ten sub-hypothesis were examined, which indicates the effect of Islamic and strategic coordination on the success of organizations in the resistance economy. In the end, suggestions were made based on the hypotheses.

This article aims to provide a model to explain the role of green human resource management in the resilience economy of small and medium-sized companies. The method of this research is a developmental-applied type of mixed research (qualitative-quantitative), which was used in the qualitative part of the Foundation (emerging) data method to identify components and indicators, and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population in the qualitative part included experts (university faculty members) in the fields of human resource management, environment, and economics, after 28 interviews, the research reached theoretical saturation, and in a small part of the Cochran formula, there were 229 employees of the company. Industrial companies of Eshtehard town were selected. In the qualitative section, 13 codes were identified in process factors, 14 codes in prefixes, and 10 codes in suffixes. For the resistance economy, a researcher-made questionnaire with 31 indicators was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the CVR method. Cronbach's alpha of the green human resources management questionnaire was equal to 0.761 and the resistance economy questionnaire was equal to 0.870. Two types of internal and external validity were used to validate the model. The results of the analysis of factor loadings of research components showed that there is a positive and significant linear relationship between each dimension of green human resource management. The results of the research model, it showed that among the identified factors, the antecedent dimension with a coefficient of 0.819, process factors with a coefficient of 0.797 and suffixes with a coefficient of 0.713, and finally, the coefficient of the impact of green human resources management on the resistance economy was obtained as 0.914, which shows the impact of 91 A percentage of aspects of green human resource management had resistance on the economy.

The purpose of this research is to identify the components and indicators of social marketing in small and medium businesses with a resistance economy approach. This research is philosophically positivist with an inductive approach. The current research, from the point of view of the objective, is a descriptive research that has been conducted in a mixed manner. The method of data collection in this research was library and field through interviews with 30 university experts in the fields of management and marketing, organizational experts, management and economics, including top managers, experts, professors and related in the field of management and economics, who the purposeful sampling method was chosen by snowball method. The findings of this study showed four dimensions in the form of 12 components and 46 indicators. The quality dimension has four components: "Technical quality", "Execution quality", "Communication quality" and "Marketing quality", the value dimension has two components: "functional value" and "Emotional value", the behavioral dimension has four components: "Audience cooperation". Motivational desire", "Tension tolerance" and "Customer attitude" and communication dimension are also two components of "Creativity and innovation" and "Democracy". Therefore, based on the results obtained from the research findings, it is suggested that arrangements be made based on knowledge and communication and information innovations to promote social marketing in small and medium businesses with a resistance economy approach.