مطالب

The illegal proliferation of small arms constitutes a major source of destruction to lives and properties and exacerbates ethnic and religious tensions leading to full-fledge conflicts. However, by employing failed state theory as theoretical framework,a failed state is one that has shattered social and political structures. It is characterized by social, political and economic failure. It is the collapse of state institutions, especially the police and judiciary with resulting paralysis of governance, a breakdown of law and order, and general banditry and chaos. Common characteristics of a failing state is when a central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory, non-provision of public utilities or services, widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations, and sharp economic decline. Using the above theory, the research found that, many factors are responsible for the illegal proliferation of SALW in Nigeria, but the prominent include porosity of Nigerian borders,arms traffickers exploit this situation to smuggle SALW into the country. wide spread insecurity in the country which Nigerians and cooperate organizations have lost confidence in the state and its security agencies to guarantee security hence, individuals, groups and cooperate bodies have to provide security for themselves through various means. These private securities and vigilantes are armed sometimes with illegal weapons. Arming of private security is part of the motivational force for the proliferation of small arms in Nigeria.However, corruptioncreates breeding grounds for the proliferation of small arms and light weapons among the civilian population. Finally, under-equipment of the national security agencies.Criminals and dissidents are often better equipped than the security agencies thereby making the security agencies incapable of repelling their attacks and unable to defend the public from criminals.

Purpose: Dormitory life faces many challenges and there have been relatively many studies on this topic, therefore, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to review previous studies on dormitory life in Iran. Methodology: This was an applied meta-analysis. The study population included dormitory life studies registered in scientific databases during the years 2004-2007, and a total of twenty studies were selected as a sample based on inclusion criteria and using purposive sampling method. Data were collected by note taking method and analyzed by inverse questionnaire method and frequency and frequency percentage in SPSS ver.23. Findings: All twenty studies were reviewed based on the study method, type of study, data collection tools and techniques, sampling method and data analysis level. According to the results, dormitory life-related problems include homesickness, economic problems, lack of exercise facilities, poor food, lack of extracurricular activities, lack of study space, lack of health facilities, absence of recreational and welfare facilities, lack of recreational, scientific and research camps, absence of counselors and guides, absence of individual and group skills training workshops, lack of planning for students' holidays, dormitory rules, student congestion in rooms and public space, dormitory officials, lack of room space, no dorm assignment program, maladaptation of some students, lack of religious group activities and dormitory supervisors' unfamiliarity with student morale. Also, solutions to reduce the problems of dormitory life include increasing counseling workshops, increasing exercise facilities, increasing the quality of nutrition, holding classes and increasing managers' level of knowledge, increasing the quality of health care, the presence of counselors in dormitories, increase the number of interaction-focused dialogue sessions, increasing the number of study halls, holding recreational, scientific and research camps, increasing students' awareness of social harms, teaching strategies to reduce stress and anxiety, and holding extracurricular classes. Conclusion: Considering dormitory life-related problems and the related solutions, it is possible to provide appropriate conditions to reduce tensions and improve the quality of dormitory life by improving the dormitory conditions.