مطالب

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is viewed as one of the defining crises of the current era, with various adverse ramifications for sports performance. Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and caffeine supplementation on the cognitive performance and balance of college student-athletes recovered from COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Forty male student-athletes aged between 18 to 25 years from the Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin were randomly assigned to four groups: 1. exercise + caffeine supplementation, 2. aerobic exercise + placebo, 3. aerobic exercise, and 4. control, in a pre-test post-test design. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution and covariance analysis was used for inter-group comparison. Results : The ANCOVA analysis showed significant differences in cognitive performance and balance among the four groups ( P <0.05). Pairwise comparisons using the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed statistically significant differences in cognitive performance and balance between the aerobic exercise + caffeine group versus the aerobic exercise + placebo group (P<0.05) and the aerobic exercise versus the control group ( P <0.05). Also, there was significant differences in mean cognitive performance and balance indices between AE+CAF versus CONT ( P <0.005) and AE+CAF versus AE ( P <0.005). Conclusion: The results of this study show that aerobic exercise with caffeine supplementation can improve cognitive performance and balance of student-athletes recovered from COVID-19.

Background: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive method that offers a potential solution to reduce the effects of aging on brain function. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offline tACS over the supplementary motor area on bimanual coordination in elderly people. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one women aged of 60-75 years were selected as convenience. They were assigned to 2 conditions: tACS and Sham, in random order, with one-week interval between conditions. After pre-test, each participant completed four trials of 5 min using Purdue pegboard task. Concurrently, participants received beta tACS with a current intensity of 1 mA. Immediate retention test, transfer test, and delayed retention tests after 48 hours and 1 week were conducted. A 2(condition) x 4(test) ANOVA with repeated measures was performed on gain scores. Results: The main effects of condition and test were significant ( P <0.0001). The Bonferroni tests revealed the significant improvement of bimanual coordination in the tACS condition compared to the sham condition in all retention and transfer tests ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The findings highlights the potential use of offline beta tACS over the SMA as a modulatory factor for enhancing bimanual coordination in the elderly women.

Background : Work-related musculoskeletal disorder is the most important occupational disease that threatens the health of employees. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between workers' posture and musculoskeletal disorders. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two male and female workers working in a home appliance factory participated in this cross-sectional study. Musculoskeletal disorders were investigated using Nordic questionnaires. Posture evaluation was performed to measure the angles of forward head, rounded shoulders, and thoracic kyphosis using photogrammetry. Craniovertebral, shoulder, and thoracic kyphosis angles were photographed during the work and then measured using ImageJ software. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 and Spearman's correlation test at a significance level of 0.05. Results : A significant relationship between the craniovertebral angle and musculoskeletal disorders in the last twelve months was observed in the cervical region ( P <0.001). Also, a significant relationship was observed between the kyphosis angle and musculoskeletal disorders in the last twelve months in the upper back and lower back ( P <0.001). Conclusion : The results showed that the workers’ posture during work is correlated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to ergonomic principles during work to maintain and improve the physical health of workers.

It is of great importance to compare the old and the new Chinese Curriculum Standards for Physical Education and Health in Compulsory Education to observe what has changed and what has not for the better enforcement of the updated standards. This study combines text mining and content analysis to quantitatively evaluate the texts of the 2011 and the 2022 Curriculum Standards for Physical Education and Health in Compulsory Education by constructing a Policy Model Consistency Index. The results showed that the two editions had a high degree of consistency, which is in compliance with the standard design. However, structural imbalances were noticed in the effectiveness of the 2022 Edition, which needs reconsideration of the curriculum difficulty, enhancements in the curriculum implementation, and improvements in the effectiveness of curriculum objects. Suggestions are also provided to address these issues in the hope of shedding light on related areas for front-line educators.

The aim of this mixed-methods study is to develop a model for the development of insurance fields in the sports industry in Iran with a systematic data-based approach in the qualitative phase and a survey approach in the quantitative section. The data collection tools included document review, experts’ interviews, and questionnaires, which its reliability and validity were validated. The participants in the qualitative section consisted of 21 university professors in sports management familiar with insurance issues and insurance industry experts familiar with the sports industry selected by purposive sampling approach in 2022. The statistical population in the quantitative section consisted of insurance sales networks and sports executive bodies. Based on the Morgan table, 384 individuals were selected through the available sampling. Data analysis was performed using NVIVO, Smart PLS software. The coding results led to the extraction of 88 primary codes, 20 axial codes, and 10 selective codes. The results showed that the core factors of casual conditions of the model of developing insurance fields in the sports industry included the external conditions, the background factors, the intervention conditions, the strategies, and the outcomes. Based on the research findings, the strengthening of the economic infrastructure and constructive marketing strategies had the most significant impact on the research model.