مطالب

A workflow consists of a set of independent tasks, while workflow scheduling in a cloud environment is a proper permutation of these tasks involving virtual machines. Selecting the permutation with minimum completion time from among all of the arrangements, in which the requests and diversity of virtual machines increase, is an NP-hard problem. Given that, in addition to the makespan, other objectives should be considered in the scheduling problem in a real environment, which, in most cases, are conflicting objectives, the scheduling problem becomes more complicated. Therefore, multi-objective heuristic algorithms represent the perfect solution to these problems. To this end, we extended a recent heuristic algorithm known as black hole optimization (BHO) and presented a multi-objective scheduling method for a workflow application based on the Pareto optimizer algorithm. Since multi-objective algorithms select a set of permutations with an optimal trade-off from among conflicting objectives, we use a decision-making method – the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) – in the following and select a solution that offers suitable permutation from among all solutions of the Pareto optimal set. Our proposed method is able to consider user requirements, as well as the interests of service providers. Using a balanced and unbalanced workflow, we compare our proposed method with the SPEA2 and NSGA2 algorithms based on conflicting objectives: (1) makespan, (2) cost and (3) resource efficiency.

In recent years, discriminative learning methods have widely been used in various areas of Natural Language Processing (NLP). These methods achieve the best performance, when the set of training and testing samples have the same distribution. However, in many applications of NLP, the lack of labeled datasets for some domains is a serious challenge. In such conditions, we need to develop a model based on domains with rich labeled instances and apply it to the domain with no labeled instances. In this research, a method for sentiment classification of opinions into positive and negative groups, which represent the users' feelings, is offered based on multi-source transfer learning. The proposed method here employs Spectral Feature Alignment algorithm to adapt different domains. Furthermore, according to the Majority Voting, accuracy is assigned to classifications trained on different domains based on the Majority Voting Error. Ultimately, decisions are made for each classification based on the calculated error. The Amazon datasets for four different categories, each of which contains 1000 positive and 1000 negative samples, are exploited to train the proposed model. Meanwhile, each category includes unlabeled samples that are used to select pivot features. The accuracy values of 85.5%, 86.4%, 83.5% and 90.1% obtained for Electronics, DVD, Books and Kitchen domains respectively, show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with similar methods.

Today's online communities, as a multifaceted platform, have many applications in e-commerce, marketing and e-learning. Online blogging services are one of the most popular environment for user interactions. Users share their ideas, opinions, and information in this environment. The spread of information between users plays an essential role in the success of such online communities. However, these communities face challenges in post management and information spread. Modeling the life cycle of a post provides an opportunity to examine how information is disseminated among users. In these communities, each post after creation is reposted and transmitted by users. Depending on their content and online community structure, posts are spread in different ways in the network. Some posts are rapidly becoming epidemic and some are not welcomed by users. In this article, we are looking for a method that estimates the probability of an epidemic of a post. For this purpose, a learning method based on learning automata has been used. The evaluations show that this method is efficient in three evaluation datasets. Furthermore, we will introduce self-organized posts that facilitate the management of posts in online communities.

Spiritual tourism and fulfilling its promotion and development is one of the challenges of this recently blooming industry during the last decade. Such matter must be reconsidered by the society inside the country on one hand, and promoting and organizing such approach internationally on the other. To improve and create variety in this industry and helping to introduce and develop the spiritual culture of this country therefore, finding innovative and interesting methods seem to be a major necessity. The religious-cultural potentials of the country and religious rituals and theatrical performance and national religious semi-theatres in particular are some of the most significant instances which could be under instruction and short and/or long-term planning of tourism industry managers. By investigating these arts and rituals, their features and the way they could be applied in this survey, in this article we would introduce and then explain each item and discuss their potentials afterwards. So what is emphasized in this article is that the Persian theatre, rituals and Persian Ta’zieh in particular are so potent and have their cultural and artistic functions which could be included in grand programs based on a precise, systematic plan and contribute to their rapid growth and becoming one of the major tourist spots and attractions. In this respect, we introduce and respect such rituals and their characteristics and features to our citizens and other nationalities to recognize spiritual tourism in particular. We aim to propose approaches and suggestions in order to recognize, record, organize and collect such rituals in both domestic and foreign tourism. This article has a descriptive-analysis approach based on library documented records.

As one of the richest intellectual domains of mankind, Islamic culture has played a prominent role in the formation of diverse dimensions of Islamic community. In this regard, the rich Islamic art, which is intermixed with the elegance of Islamic architecture, is regarded as one of the aspects of Towhid (belief in the oneness of God) and divine worldview. Since the mankind is not a single-dimensional creature, and is innately inclined to beauty and innovation, architects have sought to create an original work imbued with spiritual meanings and themes within a material realm through reliance on their experience, thoughts, individual creativity as well as an aesthetic spirit on one hand, and the manifestation of spirituality and other notions on the other. The contemporary human, by setting out on journey on the earth, has made an attempt to seek knowledge and awareness, and Islamic architecture is considered as an epiphany of human nature as well as a manifestation of contemplation and existence in the depth of human spirit, which is believed to be one of the most significant elements of tourism. The present research is aimed at exploring the conceptual symbols in Islamic architecture originating from Islamic worldview, as the rich Islamic principles have inspired Muslim architects, whose thoughts and environment have been influenced by Islamic worldview. The present article has been written adopting a descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that architectural elements in Iran have not been created without taking Islamic ideology and concepts into account, but rather all the elements applied are endowed with spirituality and divine symbols.

One of the ways to consolidate peace and friendship despite the remarkable progress of humanity, is tourism and spirituality. Tourism can change the tourists’ worldview and attitude by increasing their knowledge from visiting the landscapes of nature, geographical locations and legacy of the ancients, a change in adherence to the principles and values and the Slavery of the unique god. Being combined with peace and friendship, tourism can create a strong friendship and solidarity in the minds of tourists through recognizing the legacy of the past and the recognition of different nations and religions and different ethnicities and cultures. This solidarity and friendship is very important especially in the current and global era due to the problems of community life such as air pollution, psychological problems, cyber threats, social abnormalities. Given this approach and employing the analytical-descriptive method, this paper seeks to answer the following question: How the tourism-related dimension of spirituality can be able to create peace and stability and to strengthen peace and friendship among different societies from a local to the global scale? The findings of the research indicate that in the event of spirituality overcome in the tourist industry and travel of tourists, all activities of the tourist have the capacity to establish peace and cooperate on all scales. And tourism and spirituality for peace and friendship between nations and cultures are a powerful tool and a good platform.