مطالب

Translation service has been essential before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is one of the considered frontline services, especially in a multilingual nation like Saudi Arabia. However, just like any other industry, translation had to undergo necessary changes that could have been realized even without the repercussion of a pandemic. This study looked into the change-related issues that struck the translation industry/business, including the adoption of translation tech tools and the reformation of translation course programs and curricula. With the participation of 103 study respondents and the sheer use of descriptive statistical analysis, it was found that the dominantly rookie workforce of the Saudi translation industry is now shifting towards engaging in remote services, adopting new technological tools, and continually engaging in professional development courses and trainings. In the survey, it was further revealed that the translators have a thirst for knowledge in managing business and the skill in using computer-aided translation (CAT) and other media tools. It was deduced that in order for translation to be more productive, lucrative, and most of all, reliable, translators have to learn to adapt to these changes. Moreover, this study offers timely challenges in the breeding of a more resilient translator workforce in the future. When clearly viewed from a more general perspective, this pandemic has brought to light one positive realization despite the devastation it has caused to the population - one should not be content with something just because it works; sometimes, he has to learn new tricks to produce better outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: The efficiency and development of any organization largely depend on the proper use of human resources. In today's organizations, to reduce organizational silence, employees express their ideas and share their views to increase organizational efficiency. This study was conducted to qualitatively explain the cultural and environmental factors that reduce organizational silence in government organizations. METHODS: This applied study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical approach and implemented through the field research method. The samples (n=18) were selected among senior managers of government organizations using purposive sampling and the sample size required amount was based on theoretical saturation criterion. The required data were collected through holding interviews and they were analyzed using the grounded theory method. FINDINGS: The results showed that the four selective codes of "progress", "appropriate cultural background", "lack of proper attribution" and "increasing culture in the field of teamwork" could explain the concept of organizational silence. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the roots of the formation of this destructive and inhibitory organizational phenomenon are lied in the context of social, cultural, and political interactions, identified under the influence of "environmental and cultural factors", and started via social learning. These environmental and cultural factors can be programmed and corrected to guide and control organizational silence and direct the constructive voice of the organization.

INTRODUCTION: At the time of natural disasters, various organizations are responsible for crisis management. Each organization holds responsibilities corresponding to its mission statement. The absence of coordination is one of the primary obstacles regarding crisis management at the time of the disaster, caused by inconsistent decisions and a lack of mutual perception of the crisis. The more compatible the strategy selection process of organizations is, the fewer natural disaster casualties will be. METHODS: This study aims to strategically analyze the crisis management of April 2019 Golestan floods through the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) method, highlighting the role and performance of the Red Crescent Society. The selected tool was a descriptive-analytic field-based documentation survey questionnaire providing the chance to investigate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Finally, we determined the optimal strategy. FINDINGS: The results revealed that the average values of internal and external factors for all units were above 2.5. Therefore, SO is the optimal strategy whose emphasis is on using the strengths and opportunities faced by the Red Crescent Society to the fullest and other flood management bodies. CONCLUSION: Considering that the crisis-management-related agencies ought to operate as a unified system to decrease casualties, the need to adopt proper strategies to enhance coordination in associated organizations is one of the leading priorities of Golestan Province.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, the community-oriented approach has been proposed as one of the approaches used in crisis management. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors affecting community-oriented crisis management in Iran. METHODS: Initially, the subject of the study was defined and initial exploratory and library studies were conducted. Subsequently, the relevant factors and components were identified through the Delphi method and a researcher-made questionnaire and were then provided to the experts to give their opinions. These factors and components underwent analysis by statistical methods after that the qualitative and quantitative corrective opinions of the experts were received. Finally, the experts' consensus was reached regarding the appropriateness of the model, components, and the combination of factors. The study population in this section consisted of 28 academics and professionals familiar with the subject selected using a judgmental sampling method. Subsequently, to test the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 353 selected individuals of the local community of South Khorasan Province, Iran, who were selected by random clustering method. The collected data in this section were analyzed in Smart PLS software (version 3) using confirmatory factor analysis. FINDINGS: The research findings included the validation of the model through the Delphi method and the test of the final model through confirmatory factor analysis. CONCLUSION: The results showed that four categories of preventive, preparatory, confronting, and reconstructive factors were effective on community-oriented crisis management, among which, preparatory factors with an impact factor of 33.5 had the greatest impact on community-oriented crisis management.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the impact of transformational leadership and organizational climate on the organizational self-esteem of the Mashhad Fire Department. METHODS: The present applied research is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study consists of all 210 firefighters in Mashhad fire headquarters. The sample size was calculated according to Morgan's table comprising 132 individuals selected through simple random sampling. Data collection was accomplished through three questionnaires: Bass and Avolio's (2000) Transformational Leadership Questionnaire (TLQ), Sussman and Deep's (1989) Organizational Climate Questionnaire, and Pierce et al.'s (1989) Organizational-Based Self-Esteem Questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The collected statistical data were analyzed within SPSS and Smart PLS software. FINDINGS: Data analysis confirmed all research hypotheses. Transformational leadership has a direct impact on organizational self-esteem with a path coefficient of 0.62. The organizational climate has a direct impact on organizational self-esteem with a path coefficient of 0.63. Components of transformational leadership including idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration affect organizational self-esteem. Components of organizational climate including clarity of and agreement on organizational goals, clarity of and agreement on role, satisfaction with rewards, satisfaction with and agreement on procedures, and effectiveness of relations affect organizational self-esteem. CONCLUSION: Managing directors ought to reinforce employees' self-esteem to improve the performance of employees and boost productivity in the organization. In this regard, they must exercise an appropriate style in dealing with employees, which is the transformational leadership style. Moreover, a decent organizational climate should be created to build and boost self-esteem in employees and consequently enrich their performance towards fulfilling organizational goals.

INTRODUCTION: Identification of the settlements located in high-risk zones in terms of natural hazards is one of the first steps in risk management and development planning. This study aimed to identify villages exposed to earthquakes and floods in South Khorasan province. METHODS: The present study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to evaluate the validity and reliability of measuring instruments through exploratory factor analysis. Since the value of the KMO index was 0.879, the number of samples was sufficient for analysis. Moreover, the significance of the Bartlett test was less than 5% and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained at 0.856; accordingly, the questionnaire was reliable. FINDINGS: Based on the spatial analysis of the seismic vulnerability, 214 and 502 villages were in the zone of very high and high vulnerability, respectively. Moreover, the results of flood vulnerability showed that the southern and northwestern parts of South Khorasan province had the lowest vulnerability. The number of villages located in the very high vulnerable zone was very limited and included only seven villages of Chenesht, Kalateh Abbas, Takti Ti, Tangel Behdan, Ebru, Khankuk, and Ostan Siah, which are located in the east of the province. CONCLUSION: Based on the integrated results of two hazards (i.e., earthquakes and floods), it is observed that 523 rural settlements are in a very high-risk zone, which accounts for 14.7% of the total settlements in the South Khorasan province, compared to the total rural settlements. Furthermore, the highest dispersion frequency of rural settlements is in the zone of moderate vulnerability. This zone with 1,344 settlements includes about 37.7% of the total settlements in the province