مطالب

Recently, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a new technology in the construction industry, which is gradually gaining popularity among stakeholders. Despite the importance of BIM, the literature review shows a gap in the evaluation of BIM applications in Iran. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the applications of BIM in construction projects. Since the evaluation of the most appropriate option is a multi-criteria decision-making problem. Therefore, decision makers use preferences that are uncertain in evaluating options. Rough's theory, which is efficient in such conditions, is used. First, by using the concept of Rough's theory to transform the preferences of experts and the combined method of Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) and VIKOR, is used for evaluation. The results show that the proposed decision method is effective improved objectivity in BIM application evaluation under subjective condition.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for improving the e-banking customer experience using digital marketing tools. This research has been done with the approach to enriching the value of digital banking during the outbreak of infectious diseases. The paradigm of the present study is interpretive and the implementation approach is qualitative; In this regard, the case study method has been used. This research is descriptive-exploratory in terms of purpose and in terms of time, it is in the field of cross-sectional studies. The qualitative methodology of grounded theory analysis by Strauss and Corbin (2007) was used to answer the research question. This research has been done inductively and based on a survey procedure. The experts  were the managers of reputable Iranian banks. Based on systematic sampling, 14 people were selected. The research tool was a semi-structured interview with questions related to the purpose of the research. Interviews were analyzed using AtlasTi version 10 software. Based on the designed model, 6 categories for causal factors (appropriate decision making, time management, digitization effects, cost management, business trends, and relationship management), 2 categories for contextual conditions (digital tools and digital economy), 2 categories for intervening conditions (individual and environmental factors), 3 categories for strategy (creativity, culture development, and digital context), 3 categories for outcomes (banking industry prosperity, customer satisfaction, and economic productivity) were identified.

Objective: The purpose of this study was analytical review of the book Designing the Digital Library, written by Mehdi Alipoor-Hafezi and published by SAMT in 2019 based on the criteria and standards of the university textbooks. The type of research was applied in terms of  purpose. As regarded method, it was a mixed-method approach. The analysis, review  and extraction of required data have been simultaneous. The checklist was used for assessing formal writing structure and content features on a Likert-type 5-pointed scale. Author's expertise in the field can be mentioned as the main advantage of the book. The textbook is the only work in Persian in the field of designing digital libraries. A separate chapter on legal  issues in digital libraries can also be considered as another positive point of this work. At the same time, this work has also notable points for improvement, the most important of which are   writing points. In general, the work in hand in terms of evaluation of formal writing structure and content criteria received scores of 46, 46, 63 and 63, respectively and achieved at least 70 percentage points, passing as a  book appealing to its audience. In spite of some defects and weaknesses, the studied textbook is one of few books on designing digital libraries and suitable for students and audience.

This paper examines the liberal society that Popper lauds, that aims to be truly open, and discusses why another, more communitarian kind of society, particularly societies in Africa, may also reflect the quest for intellectual openness that is Popper’s ideal. Moreover, this paper avers reasons why Popper should be comfortable with such a liberal-communitarian mix. The inter-subjectivity in his critical rationalism is a balance of an explicit individualism, and an implicit social element (Afisi, 2016a). Popper is indeed an author of such a balance. For a society to be truly open requires the careful recognition and protection of individual freedom. However, the extent to which individuals are free to perform actions that they desire without external constraints, and the level of their individuality in relation to others when performing such actions, remain a contentious issue between liberals and more communitarian thinkers. Popper’s critical rationalism provides the necessary impetus to this contention through his view of freedom that I contend can best be viewed as carefully balanced, a view which combines individuality with a social element that upholds community values necessary for openness of society. With this combination, Popper’s politics of liberalism provides an effective model of how a truly open society can be achieved. The values inherent to Popper’s liberalism including those concerning intellectual openness, individual freedom, mutual respect, measured self-respect, welfarism, humanitarianism, accountability, critical debates and feedback from the citizens, together concern the conditions for a society to be truly open. There are many competing thoughts as to what openness might be in Popper’s philosophy. The present study of Popper does not presume to address them all. The focus here is specifically on using Popper’s idea of critical rationalism to balance relations between liberal politics of individual rights and freedom, and communitarian politics of the common good, as it relates to situations about how socio-economic and political conditions in Africa societies should be structured. While I contend that Popper’s works in political philosophy focused centrally on Western political tradition, and not about Africa in its strict sense, significant lessons can be distilled from Popper that can offer suggestions on social reforms in Africa. This paper explores Popper’s project of the open society across the plurality and differences of societies, so that his liberal ideas of individual freedom are not undermined, and the progress of the communitarian idea of the common good, that Africa societies are built upon, is also well enhanced. Liberal individualism and community values inherent to communitarianism are both well accommodated within Popper’s critical rationalism.

Since the emergence of modernity, and in response to its myriad aspects and potentials, which are constantly unfolding, countless reactions have kept emerging in almost all quarters of the globe. A large variety of anti-modern reactions, the common core of which is perhaps the idea that modernity, in one way or another, is illegitimate, stand out among these responses. According to some of these anti-modern responses, modernity has usurped the characteristics and features of religion, which has been the soul as well as the main shaping force of the pre-modern era and has reproduced it in a corrupted form. Two German-speaking philosophers, Karl Popper and Hans Blumenberg, are among the intellectuals who have defended modernity against the onslaught of anti-modern tendencies. In this paper, I briefly, though critically, compare and contrast the approaches as well as some of the arguments of these two thinkers in defence of modernity.