مطالب

Objectives: The goal of the current study is to analyze the urban poor’s food insecurity and coping mechanisms. Methodology: As a result, both primary and secondary data are used to support the current research. A well-structured questionnaire was used in a field survey to gather the primary data. The secondary sources include studies, journals, business publications, and published literature. For the current study, FGD has also been conducted to gather further details. The data collecting method has been stratified random sampling. A sophisticated statistical method was used to determine the sampling size for the current investigation (i.e., the Yamane formula, 1967). Furthermore, 396 houses have been chosen based on the sampling size calculation in order to conduct in-person interviews to gather responses. Simple descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage, and mean, as well as the coping strategy index (CSI) and FGT food insecurity index have all been employed in the study of the data. Results: As a result, households experience food insecurity 77.35% of the time, with a depth and severity of food insecurity of 21.45% and 9.42%, respectively. Additionally, food-insecure households consume an average of 1222.93 kcal per day, with a maximum and minimum intake of 1948.15 kcal and 497.70 kcal, respectively. Conclusion: Furthermore, the findings show that the top five coping strategies used by the households to combat food insecurity and food shortages were reliance on less preferred or less expensive foods, reduction in meal frequency and size per day, food purchases made on credit, and food obtained from family and friends.

The present study investigated the impact of learning styles on EFL learners’ reading comprehension skills improvement and self-efficacy perceptions. To this end, 60 intermediate male/female EFL learners at Pasargad Language Center in Langarud, Iran with the age range from 14 to 20 were selected based on the results of Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency. Next, they were randomly divided into two groups of 30. Then, the participants in both groups sat for a pretest of the English reading comprehension test, and answered the English proficiency background form, self-efficacy scale, and Maggie McVay Lynch learning style inventory. Next, the experimental group received learning-style-based activities, while the control group continued to work in the traditional way, with no regard for learning styles. Finally, the English reading comprehension test and self-efficacy scale were administered to both groups as posttests. The results of the study revealed that students’ learning style preferences have significant effects on their reading comprehension skills and English self-efficacy perceptions. The results also indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in the post-test scores between the control and experimental groups. That is, the experimental group performed better than the control group in the post-test of reading comprehension skills and English self-efficacy perceptions, and the progress in the experimental group was more than the control group. The findings of the present study can encourage teachers to use learning style preferences in English language teaching to help EFL learners increase their level of reading comprehension skills and self-efficacy perceptions.

Bien que les enseignants de langues aient souvent émis des critiques à l'encontre de l'utilisation de la traduction comme outil d'apprentissage, cette pratique est très répandue chez les apprenants de langues étrangères et secondes. Toutefois, les recherches portant sur le rôle de la traduction dans l'apprentissage des langues et le développement des stratégies d'apprentissage ont été relativement peu nombreuses jusqu'à présent. L'objectif de la présente étude est d'explorer l'impact de la traduction sur l'élargissement des stratégies d'apprentissage des langues étrangères chez les apprenants eux-mêmes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un questionnaire en six sections comprenant 30 items a été préparé et validé. Le questionnaire a été distribué aux apprenants de français langue étrangère. Après avoir collecté les données, les résultats ont montré que, du point de vue des apprenants du français langue étrangère, la traduction contribue à élargir davantage les stratégies d'apprentissage directes. Les résultats ont également montré que l'utilisation de la traduction, du point de vue des apprenants, développe des stratégies affectives, sociales et métacognitives, par ordre de priorité, parmi les stratégies d'apprentissage indirectes. Le recours à la traduction peut aider les apprenants de langues étrangères à développer leurs compétences cognitives, de mémoire et de compensation, dans cet ordre, parmi les stratégies d'apprentissage directes. Les résultats de cette étude permettent aux enseignants de langues d'identifier les croyances et les stratégies des apprenants, ce qui est essentiel pour adapter les stratégies d'enseignement et favoriser un apprentissage plus efficace. .

 Les guerres tribales ainsi que les crises sécuritaires qu’on observe de part et d’autre en Afrique en général, et au Cameroun en particulier, ont multiplié dans les réseaux sociaux des plates-formes d’échanges. Ces dernières, en réaction aux évènements socio-politiques, laissent voir des discours passionnés qui dégénèrent très souvent en discours haineux.  Cette déviance s’explique par l’illimitée liberté d’expression qui caractérise ces fora (Facebook, WhatsApp, Messenger, etc.). Par ricochet, les partis sont hâtivement pris et chacun se donne à cœur joie pour défendre ses opinions dans ses plateformes virtuelles qui renforceraient une mise en scène discursive à visée pathémique. C’est ainsi qu’au terme de la présidentielle d’octobre 2018 au Cameroun, les résultats ont suscité, de la part des partisans des deux principaux partis politiques en lice (RDPC/MRC), des contestations ouvertes qui ont atteint leur paroxysme dans les réseaux sociaux. On a pu observer de la violence verbale qui transformait cet espace médiatique en un véritable champ de bataille : c’est le théâtre d’une argumentation de protestation qui place la violence verbale au centre des préoccupations du linguiste. Comment les internautes procèdent-ils discursivement pour mettre en scène l’expression de la violence sur les réseaux sociaux ? En d’autres termes, comment la violence se matérialise-t-elle verbalement et linguistiquement dans les réseaux sociaux ? Par le biais d’une analyse pluridisciplinaire du discours, le présent article se penche sur l’orientation argumentative de ces discours qui loin d’apaiser la situation, peuvent conduire à une sorte de déstabilisation de la cohésion sociale.

Through an epistemological lens, this article asserts that the dawn of the internet of data (IoD) era marks a profound shift in our understanding of human existence, one that challenges the notion of modern man as a singular and distinct entity. Delving deeper, the analysis presents an ontological exploration of the transition from a human-centric approach of the 19th and 20th centuries to the added-value man of the 21st century, examining the ideological underpinnings of concepts such as the Information Society and Society 5.0 respectively as representatives of the above two insights. In particular, the article meticulously dissects the stance of each approach towards humanity, highlighting the paradigm shift in our perception of the human experience. This piece offers an insightful commentary on the evolution of our understanding of human nature, encouraging us to rethink our place in the rapidly changing digital landscape.

This article reviews the legal framework governing the protection of critical infrastructure in Africa with an emphasis on threats like cyberwar and cyberterrorism. As African governments and businesses increasingly depend on the internet and information systems, there is a need to enact appropriate laws to protect critical infrastructure from cyberattacks that could jeopardize the economic and national security postures of African countries. The article outlines the need for appropriate legal instruments to protect critical infrastructure as African businesses increasingly rely on the internet and information systems. The lack of adequate laws regulating critical infrastructure does not translate to the absence of critical infrastructure in African countries. Ghana, for instance, has a legal framework governing critical infrastructure. These infrastructures are common in most African countries but lack the required legal framework to protect them. It is important to note that despite the Budapest Convention and African Convention on Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection, there is no international legal framework regulating cyberwar and cyberterrorism. Considering these factors, this article reviews Ghana's Cybersecurity Act and the Directive on Critical Information Infrastructure and uses the United States framework for comparative analysis. In addition to reviewing the types of attacks critical infrastructure could face, the article looks at the legal framework for managing incidents that could arise from cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure.

Neuroscience and its attendant subdisciplines, including, so it supposes, philosophy, hold that there is nothing more to self and society than what is in the brain. Yet two centuries have not resolved the philosophical objections to such claims, much less resolved the binding problem that would link mind and brain, or arrive at a general, materialist explanation of consciousness. Just as ideological and economic blinders beset this discipline, so they limit philosophy to account for the nature of this ‘thinking organ’ – what that means and if it can even exist. Taking the work of Hegel, Heidegger, Deleuze, neuroscientific results, I consider the phenomenology of the organ. I argue that an understanding of this object requires distinguishing concepts such as function and activity, capacity and regulation, surface and recognition. Results show that the ability to arrive at a thinking organ as organ is uncertain but worth the pursuit for the services done to science and ethics.

The rise of the Internet and the exponential increase in data have made manual data summarization and analysis a challenging task. Instagram social network is a prominent social network widely utilized in Iran for information sharing and communication across various age groups. The inherent structure of Instagram, characterized by its text-rich content and graph-like data representation, enables the utilization of text and graph processing techniques for data analysis purposes. The degree distributions of these networks exhibit scale-free characteristics, indicating non-random growth patterns. Recently, word co-occurrence has gained attention from researchers across multiple disciplines due to its simplicity and practicality. Keyword extraction is a crucial task in natural language processing. In this study, we demonstrated that high-precision extraction of keywords from Instagram posts in the Persian language can be achieved using unsupervised word co-occurrence methods without resorting to conventional techniques such as clustering or pre-trained models. After graph visualization and community detection, it was observed that the top topics covered by news agencies are represented by these graphs. This approach is generalizable to new and diverse datasets and can provide acceptable outputs for new data. To the author's knowledge, this method has not been employed in the Persian language before on Instagram social network. The new crawled data has been publicly released on GitHub for exploration by other researchers. By employing this method, it is possible to use other graph-based algorithms, such as community detections. The results help us to identify the key role of different news agencies in information diffusion among the public, identify hidden communities, and discover latent patterns among a massive amount of data.

Appraisal theory has provided researchers with a powerful analytical tool to explore how language users express their feelings, attitude and judgments in texts. The present study was conducted to explore the use of appraisals in Persian recounts with a focus on the attitude subsystem. Forty-eight online recounts were selected (22 female writers and 26 male writers). The analysis was conducted two times at a one-week interval using the UAM corpus tool software. The results indicated that women generally used more attitude resources in their recounts compared to men and they also used more affect than men, both men and women encoded their evaluation more explicitly rather than implicitly, and in both types of recounts, attitude subsystems appeared in a special order in terms of frequency. In conclusion, predominant use of attitude in Persian recounts can be considered as evidence of effectiveness and applicability of the appraisal theory.