مطالب

Despite appealing notion of research based language teaching, we argue that scientific way of conducting research on English language teaching (ELT) is problematic since it ignores language learners’ subjectivity, instructors’ professionalism, practitioners’ culture and learning particularity. Positivists pedagogical arguments neglect the social nature of meaning making instructional practices and emphasize objectivity and measurability criteria which lead to instrumental rationality. A critical discourse analysis of practical arguments proposed in pedagogical implications section of empiricist research articles revealed that positivists assumptions manifest themselves as the rules and regulations of carrying out scientific research. These yardsticks give power to the neoliberal tendencies to present reasons as premises of arguments to restrict and control the agency of ELT teachers as well as to deprofessionalize them. Since there is a close affinity between this paradigm world views and neoliberal policies, positivists research articles lead to the domination of neoliberalism on TEFL discourse. This indicates the ideological function of the article genre and awareness of that is crucial for the sake of democratic and fair education.

Tehran as a complex and unique metropolis faces many structural challenges, numerous problems in its urban management. Tehran’s urban management system struggles with different urban problems such as sociological, economical , geographical , environmental, design & urbanization. On the other hand Tehran boosts of having elites in different fields of area planning. Elites that seem to have solutions and ideas in order to fix or diminish existing problems . Evidence shows that vast majority of consultations, conferences & meetings are held in order to improve interaction between elites and city’s urban management. What evident is that the results and finding of these actions are not used; in city’s urban planning. Tehran city planners manage the city on their own whims and likenesses. This research illustrates the grounded theory incorporation with interviews of twenty professionals and experts of their respected fields in urban knowledge; and uses their knowledge and experties in order to study them in the method of coding and analysis. These findings show that urban management system is a conflict zone for different groups in order to reach “closed rentier networks”. In this structural conflicts in order to profit from the economical , political, informational, judicial rentiers; which makes Tehran the main victim. This process only increases and expands the domination of the totalitarians in the urban fields and squizes out the elites with the right mindset and approach.